Abstract

Horace’ Ars poetica experienced up to four different Spanish translations, adaptations and/or scholium in the last decade of the 16th century: Vicente Espinel’s (1591), Luis de Zapata’s (1592), Juan Villén de Viedma’s (1599) and Jaime Juan Falcó’s (1600). Luis de Zapata’s translation, published in Lisbon, tried to be the most faithful to the original Latin version and also it tried to respect, as far as possible, Horace’s main use of language theory. Zapata’s idea on the translation process anticipates some further ideas which did not yet have strong roots in Spain. His translation foreshadows some of them but they did not find too much enthusiasm among his contemporaries. This paper aims to review this largely unknown Horatian translation.

Abstract

This study examines textual evidence in Titu Cusi's Instrucción in order to review the mediation that fray Marcos Garcia had in the production of this document. From a critical analysis of certain textual marks, the author attempts to reflect on the translation process and measure the level of intervention that the European thought —that of the translator’s Marcos García— has over the native point of view (i.e., the author’s Titu Cusi). The analysis focuses on the study of the select group of quechua words that were maintained in the text and the reasons why they were not translated into Spanish. To frame the translation strategy used by Marcos García, historical aspects and current theory on the art of translation are considered. Also, the concept of monologism introduced by Bakhtin is reviewed in order to understand the ideology that prevails over the translator’s discourse.