Online first articles (not assigned to a volume)
- N. Weatherly, A. International, R. MalottCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate two versions of a programmed instruction training program designed to teach undergraduate college students a goal-directed systems approach to analyzing organizational systems (Malott & Garcia, 1987). The first version was a paper-based programmed instruction module that had previously been shown to be effective at training the basic knowledge of the concepts, however was ineffective at training the application of these concepts. A computer-based programmed instruction (CBPI) version was created to improve the application of these concepts, which was tested through a series of three open-ended posttests with increasingly explicit prompts for each successive test. The results of the study showed higher performance results for the CBPI versions across all three dependent variables. The results of a nonparametric global test showed a standardized effect size of .86 and a p-value ofAbstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate two versions of a programmed instruction training program designed to teach undergraduate college students a goal-directed systems [...]
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- J. Noriega, F. Arellanes, H. Freire, I. MillánCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The present analysis is made about the National Survey Well-being (BIARE, for its acronym in Spanish) constructed by National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) for obtain subjective indicators well-being and happiness. The objective its to know the characteristics and differences between the people who report the lowest well-being and the highest well-being perception. The happiness indicator was selected from the questions: «How satisfied are you? » and «How many happy are you?», which have a ten-point responding scale, happy people was selected from point 10 (totally satisfied). People unhappy was selected from point 0 = «Nothing satisfied» and point 1 = «A little satisfied». Descriptive statistics and hypothesis test was performed for evaluate group differences using chi-square and U Mann-Whitney test. The conclusion its that the unhappy people, compared with the happy people, perceive unhappiness during long time, obtained achievements and recognition were lowest for unhappy people, more presence of diseases, few economic resources, few social contact with family and friends, lower capacity to give support to people and a lower perception of coping capacities.Abstract
The present analysis is made about the National Survey Well-being (BIARE, for its acronym in Spanish) constructed by National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) [...]- 0
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- J. León, T. RodríguezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The article describes the properties psicométricas of the Triangular Scale of the Love of Sternberg (1986) (ETAS). The scale was administered to 455 university students of Metropolitan Lima, 145 males and 310 women, whose ages ranged between 16 to 51 years. The results reveal a reliability, by means of Cronbachs alfa, for the total scale of .964. The factors intimidate, commitment and passion present indexes of reliability of .947.922 and.848 respectively. All the coefficients of reliability are considered to be excellent. The analysis factorial exploratorio suggested that they are three factors those that sublie to the articles, though there is evidence of the existence of an alone factor. One concludes that the ETAS presents suitable properties psicométrica, an analysis being recommended to realize factorial confirmatory in order to check the internal structure.Abstract
The article describes the properties psicométricas of the Triangular Scale of the Love of Sternberg (1986) (ETAS). The scale was administered to 455 university students of [...]- 0
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- M. Altamirano, A. Alcaráz, L. García, M. CáceresCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of the treatment program for people who have problems with their drinking developed at Centros de Integración Juvenil, institute dedicated to treat, prevent and investigate addictions in Mexico. The evaluation was made by a cuanticualitative, transversal, comparative, ex post facto design. The first estimate was carried out with a purposive sample of 170 people (133 men and 37 women) who were participating in the treatment program. To do this, was design the test of Program Evaluation for Drinkers (CEPROBE ) to examine the emotional and health state, social integration, criminal behavior, assertiveness to confront the offer of alcohol, habit changes attributed to alcohol program and to assess service quality standards. For the second analysis, 24 Psychologists and 1 Physician (18 men and 7 women) were interviewed it means at an open questionnaire that explores the experience of the therapist in the course of the program. Overall, 47.3% of the patients decreased de use of alcohol, while 48.5% were able to quit it. With the Kruskal-Wallis test, the results suggest significant differences in the socio-emotional status mentioned and alcohol use of the subjects. Under the perception of patients and therapist, the program fulfilled adequately quality standards.Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of the treatment program for people who have problems with their drinking developed at Centros de Integración Juvenil, institute [...]- 0
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- E. Velasco, S. Mercado, I. LagunesCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to generate a reliable and valid scale that assessed dwelling privacy in Mexico City’s population. A scale was developed specifically for this purpose. The scale included 20 items with five options for answers (Never, few times, sometimes, frequently and always). The scale was applied to a sample of 200 Mexico City’s inhabitants in order to obtain its psychometrical validation. The distribution of the participants was as follow: age between 14 to 75, 110 women and 90 men: diverse occupations and school levels. A proper analysis took place in order to learn about the items discriminative power, reliability and valid factorial structure. The final scale was conformed by 11 items organized by three factors as follow: 1) Information Access Control, 2) Person Access Control and 3) Intimacy it explains 68% of variance and has a reliability of Cronbach Alpha =0.89. Afterwards a Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted to verify if the structure obtained from the Principal Component Analysis was correct, and a good fit was achieved (df=39, x2= 48.07, p = .151, CFI= .987, RMSEA= .032).Abstract
The main objective of this research was to generate a reliable and valid scale that assessed dwelling privacy in Mexico City’s population. A scale was developed specifically [...]- 0
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- P. Matus, G. Orozco, S. Aragón, R. LovingCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Mexico is consistently portrayed as a happy country. Research endeavors, both national and international, show that Mexicos levels of happiness are favorable, although little has been done regarding specific measurement underpinnings. There is a constant debate on whether happiness should be measured in terms of frequency or intensity of positive affect over negative affect (Diener, Sandvik, & Pavot, 2009), although some consensus points toward frequencys superiority over intensity of emotions. Some authors insist that frequency can me more easily and accurately measured than intensity, allowing for cross-person metric comparisons. This research put to test the frequency-intensity debate by providing several conceptual frameworsk that accentuated one over the other, allowing people to decide how they defined their own happiness. Two independent samples (n1 = 158, n2 = 583) of Mexican men and women provided insights on whether happiness in Mexico is defined in terms of frequency or intensity. Once it was defined, happiness levels were compared between two groups showing that those who define happiness as “frequency” present higher levels of joy. This research supports the premise that happiness could be defined as the sum of frequent events, congruent with bottom-up approaches to happiness and wellbeing.Abstract
Mexico is consistently portrayed as a happy country. Research endeavors, both national and international, show that Mexicos levels of happiness are favorable, although little [...]- 0
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- I. Montero, A. RodaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The main aim of our study is to analyze the influence of social support on cardiac illness adjustment and on health recommendations adherence. The sample was 109 patients and their partners, all of them included in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program of the Ramon y Cajal Hospital in Madrid. Our results show that partner support has not a significant impact on patientś adjustment (received support [P = .46] and satisfaction with received support [P = .041]). However, partner support has a significant effect on adherence to health recommendations (food, physical exercise, smoking, etc), most of all in the 8 and 12 months’ follow-up (P < .001). Perhaps, in the first stages of illness, support provided for other sources (health professionals, other patients, etc.) could be more important than partner support, most of all taking into account that patients were included in a clinical intervention. As supervision decreases, the effect of partner support on adherence increases. The implications of our results for future interventions and research are discussed.Abstract
The main aim of our study is to analyze the influence of social support on cardiac illness adjustment and on health recommendations adherence. The sample was 109 patients [...]- 0
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- M. Farfano, C. Ramírez, R. Treviño, F. Treviño, G. MónicaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Recent models emphasized the importance in research of beliefs and its appraisal in the etiology and maintenance of OCD. The aim of the present study is the development and validation of a short form of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ, Belloch et al. 2003) in Mexican population. This topic was addressed through two different studies. Study 1: Exploratory factor analysis of the short version (200 non clinical subjects). The results show a different factor solution. Study 2: Testing for the equivalence of latent mean structures in multi-group analyses (200 and 202 non clinical subjects). A three-factor, 20 items, model emerged as the best factorial solution with similar psychometric properties to those of an English version (OBQ, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire, 2003). Given its consistency and repeatability, the Mexican version of the OBQ is a suitable instrument for the assessment of dysfunctional beliefs, although studies with clinical samples are needed.Abstract
Recent models emphasized the importance in research of beliefs and its appraisal in the etiology and maintenance of OCD. The aim of the present study is the development and [...]- 0
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- J. Medina, Y. Oca, M. Muñoz, B. Gómez, E. Gasca, A. Vallejo, B. Giles, Y. Barajas, N. FuentesCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to describe the nostalgic experience for a previous partner, who is considered as someone important. We worked based on a non-probabilistic intentional sampling, composed by 200 young college students equally divided by sex, from 18 to 25 years old in the city of Toluca, México. We used a questionnaire validated by experts judges with a level of agreement higher than 85%, composed by six open questions. The applications were individual, in an approximately 20 minutes, in academic areas of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. According to the obtained results, it was found that most of participants have had an important partner in their lifetime and what they liked the most about that partner was their personality, good treatment, physical appearance, favorable interaction and material benefits. Both sexes have frequent memories of that partner, been the men who report them most. Practically, all the participants agree that they miss the afective area. Men yearn the favorable interaction, while women miss more the share-time with the partner. The factors that motivates them to keep their actual relationship are the positive affection, comprehension, support and trust, personality, company, physical appearance and material benefits. Finally, most of participants declared that they do not consider as a posibility the get back together with their yearned partner, despite missing the animic status that they set up in the moment.Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to describe the nostalgic experience for a previous partner, who is considered as someone important. We worked based on a non-probabilistic [...]- 0
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- J. Medina, B. Colín, M. Martínez, Y. Oca, N. Fuentes, M. MuñozCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The aim was to detect the causes that lead more often to men and women to present the behavior of infidelity. To do this, it worked with a nonrandom sample of intentional type, consisting of 75 couples married and 75 couples in a dating relationship, residents of Toluca city, on condition of having committed an infidelity to their own partner. After obtaining the consent of each participant, applications were held individually at the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. The results show that infidelity had its origin in the lack. That is, in the absence of some satisfactions that they do not get with that couple. Also found that men committed an infidelity because they were feeling bored, uncomfortable, by a sexual need, for lack of variety and because they were confused in the relationship, compared with women who did it because they felt alone and misunderstood in the relationship. It was interesting to find that people who returned with the couple to whom they were infidel, they argued their decision because they found stability and love, that supposedly tried to get into the relationship of infidelity.Abstract
The aim was to detect the causes that lead more often to men and women to present the behavior of infidelity. To do this, it worked with a nonrandom sample of intentional [...]- 0
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- J. Prado, P. Flores, C. Galicia, A. SaisóCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of psychosocial risk in major public officials who administer justice in Mexico City, and to identify the relationship between socio-demographic variables, occupational wear (burnout) and psychosomatic disorders. Information of 75 workers who administer justice was obtained in Mexico, DF (n = 75) by the Occupational Scale Wear of Uribe-Prado (2010). The results showed that burnout is the best variable to predict psychosomatic disorders in terms of psychosocial factors at work, analyzes of this study are discussed in terms of the importance of understanding the effects of psychosocial risk prevention, diagnosis and intervention from the response to chronic stress. Correlations, analysis of variance, regressions and a structural model to adjust the variables used in structural terms. Cronbach’s alpha for the evaluated variables was located between .63 and .83 reliability. The importance of secretaries, judges and magistrates to administer justice undertake their work in terms of occupational health is emphasized.Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of psychosocial risk in major public officials who administer justice in Mexico City, and to identify the relationship [...]- 0
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- J. Alvarado, J. Villalobos, X. Salinas, A. CasisCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the attitudinal and interpersonal factors that influence condom use in coital sex between high school students and to develop structural models that show the interrelationships and the direct and indirect effects of these factors on frequency of condom use. Participants were 527 adolescents who reported having consensual sex at least once in life. For this matter a questionnaire measuring frequency of sex and condom use during sexual encounters was used, also 80 ordinal questions divided into five factors: 1) sexual assertiveness, 2) sexual submission, 3) low sexual risk perception, 4) infatuation and 5) acceptance of condom use. Using structural equations trajectories and frequency of condom use were drawn. Structural models for men and women show acceptable levels of fitness to the data as well as significant direct effects between all the variables, specifically direct effect of variables acceptance on condom use and sexual assertiveness on the frequency of preservative use. These results extend the possibilities of explanation and psychosocial intervention on sexual risk behavior among adolescents.Abstract
The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the attitudinal and interpersonal factors that influence condom use in coital sex between high school students [...]- 0
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- J. Ungaretti, E. EtchezaharCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Worldviews are cognitive schemas available for individuals through the socialization process that generates stable social worldviews. The dangerous worldview (DW) and the competitive jungle worldview (CW) have been widely studied. Both are related to different social attitudes: DW relates to the right wing authoritarianism (RWA) and CW relates with social dominance orientation (SDO). Meanwhile, RWA and SDO are two social attitudes that predict different forms of prejudice. The main objective of this study was to adapt and validate the worldviews scale (WV) to the local context, and then to test two paths analysis with relationships between variables proposed in the background. Participants were 376 university students with an age range between 18 and 42 years (M = 24.29, SD = 3.3). Main results indicate adequate psychometric properties for the bi-dimensional worldviews model. Furthermore, it was also noted that the path analysis between DW-RWA-Prejudice was adequate, while the other including CW-SDO-Prejudice has metric problems.Abstract
Worldviews are cognitive schemas available for individuals through the socialization process that generates stable social worldviews. The dangerous worldview (DW) and the [...]- 0
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- H. TriandisCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
In the context of reduced violence world-wide, as documented by Pinker (2011), Islam is an exception, i.e., it is more violent than other cultures. Can contemporary cultural psychology explain aspects of this difference? It is hypothesized that violence is more frequent in cultures that are vertical collectivist than in cultures that are horizontal individualist. The paper reviews data that are generally consistent with this hypothesis. Furthermore, most Muslims are not violent, but perhaps 1 percent do engage in jihad. What personality aspects might explain this difference? It is argued that self-deception is very common among humans and the jihadists are especially susceptible to self-deception. Religion provides important benefits but it is also often related to violence. One way to reduce aspects of Islamic violence is for the West to ridicule Islam less. The paper also provides Islam with a more realistic model of its religion.Abstract
In the context of reduced violence world-wide, as documented by Pinker (2011), Islam is an exception, i.e., it is more violent than other cultures. Can contemporary cultural [...]- 0
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- H. TriandisCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Self-deception has been studied by philosophers and psychologists for some time. Frenkel-Brunswik (1939) published the first psychology paper. In Triandis (2009 p. ix) there are references to 24 papers by philosophers and psychologists that examined this concept. All humans have self-deceptions, some more frequently than others. That is, they see the world the way they would like to be rather than the way it is. As I thought about the concept over the years I believe that the most important point for understanding self-deception is to examine what percentage of the information that humans use when constructing (Taylor, 1998b) the way they see the world comes from inside their body or from outside their body. If most of it comes from inside their body there is a high probability that they have a self-deception. The information from inside the body consists of emotions (e.g., hopes), needs (e.g., hunger pangs), desires (e.g., imagined attractive objects), cognitive systems (e.g., prejudices, stereotypes, in-group preferences), memories (e.g., we are descendents of heroes), theories, ideologies, and elements of subjective culture acquired during socialization. The information from the outside the body is reality, and captures aspects of the ecology. Geography, climate, the actions of others, occupations, and events in the environment, are all relevant. For example, when a wild animal is attacking we focus on outside information. But when making judgments about philosophy, economics, religion, education, politics, terrorism, aesthetics and the like we often use inside information to shape our perceptions. The Buddha had the insight that we use information from both outside the body (reality, truth) and inside our body (emotions, ideology) when he said “Where self is, truth is not, where truth is, self is not.” (Spencer-Rogers, Williams, & Pang, 2010). In this paper I will start with some examples of self-deception. Then I will discuss some of the characteristics of self-deception—it is often linked to cognitive simplicity, megalomania, and if we have no self-deceptions we might be depressed, but if we have large self-deceptions we might be mentally ill. Then I will discuss how self-deception is implicated in many of the controversial issues of our times. I will end with some suggestions for further research linking culture and self-deception.Abstract
Self-deception has been studied by philosophers and psychologists for some time. Frenkel-Brunswik (1939) published the first psychology paper. In Triandis (2009 p. ix) there [...]- 0
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- A. Toledo, R. ÁvilaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Delay, probability and social discounting refer to the decrease in the subjective value of a reward as a function of its delay of delivery, probability or social distance, respectively. One question in the area is whether the three types of discounting share the same process or whether they are held by different processes. This question has been investigated by looking at the correlations between the three types of discounting. Moreover, it has been suggested that the method used to obtain the indifference points could modulate the discounting rates. However, the search of a common process underlying the three types of discounting should not be influenced by the method used to obtain the indifference points. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the method used to obtain the indifference points contributes to the correlation between the three types of discounting. Forty-four college students responded tasks of delay, probability and social discounting —which used a hypothetical monetary reward— with two different methods: Binary choice and adjusting amount. We found significant correlations between binary-choice and adjusting-amount methods for the three types of discounting. Albeit, a significantly higher delay discounting rate was found with the adjusting-amount method rather than with the binary-choice method, but there were no significant differences between the probability and social discounting rates obtained with both methods. In addition to the previous results, with the binary-choice method it was found that social discounting correlated with delay and probability discounting, but the last two did not correlate between them. In contrast, with the adjusting-amount method, it was only found a correlation between delay and probability discounting. The latter result suggests that the method used to obtain the indifference points contributes to the search of a common process between the three types of discounting. Actually a common decision-making process underlying the three types of discounting could depend on the context in which the choice is made.Abstract
Delay, probability and social discounting refer to the decrease in the subjective value of a reward as a function of its delay of delivery, probability or social distance, [...]- 0
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- P. Brito, E. Canto, E. VelascoCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if processing speed, measured as visual reaction time (RT), of 10 month-olds obtained through an IPLP (Intermodal Preferential Looking Paradigm) in a word learning task, can be an indicator of communicative abilities such as productive vocabulary, during the second year of life. Participants were 13 infants of 9-12 months of age (X=10.15) at the beginning of the study, whose native language was Spanish and without visual or auditory problems reported by parents. The same group of infants was evaluated when they were between 24 and 30 months of age. Infants’ RTs were obtained at the age of 10 months in a word learning task, and related to communicative abilities measured with the Inventario de Habilidades Comunicativas MacArthur Versión II (CDI-II) when the infants were between 24 and 30 months of age (X=27.10). A linear regression analysis was performed using the RT from the experimental task as a predictor and the CDI-II vocabulary score as dependent variable. It was found that RT measured at 10 months of age can be used as a predictor of the vocabulary size in the same infants 18 months later. The results presented here imply that infants who take longer in processing a novel object associated with a novel word, are the ones who will have more words in their productive vocabulary during the second year of life, as reported by parents. The measures of processing speed in this study, demonstrates the length of time it takes a child to process non-familiar information in real time. The results obtained, support the study of processing speed at early ages in tasks that measure cognitive abilities other than word recognition. It suggests taking into account the analysis of individual differences, either processing speed or vocabulary, to better understand the relationship between these two variables in the first years of life. Furthermore, the results obtained in this paper highlight the importance of the study of RT in early ages and give information about the effects of slower or faster information processing over different linguistic abilities in infants.Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if processing speed, measured as visual reaction time (RT), of 10 month-olds obtained through an IPLP (Intermodal Preferential Looking [...]- 0
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- E. Street, K. JohnsonCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
This paper focuses on a subset of the practices that have created the powerful learning technology developed and disseminated by Morningside Academy in Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. We briefly describe this technology, known as the Morningside Model of Generative Instruction, and tell how it builds on the selectionist approach of B. F. Skinner and the pragmatic approach of John Dewey. We also describe the critical role Precision Teaching plays at Morningside Academy and its dependence on findings from the science of learning and the science of instruction, including placement of learners, task analysis, content analysis, instructional protocols, and principles of instructional design. Last, we acknowledge the symbiotic relation between effective Direct Instruction programs that teach skills to accuracy levels and Precision Teaching, which takes these accurate repertoires and systematically turns them into high frequency performances that take on the character of fluent repertoires. Over time, using Precision Teaching across multiple and successive repertoires also creates more agile learners.Abstract
This paper focuses on a subset of the practices that have created the powerful learning technology developed and disseminated by Morningside Academy in Seattle, Washington, [...]- 0
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- F. Stelzer, M. Andés, L. Canet-Juric, I. IntrozziCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between working memory and fluid intelligence. A search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar database using a combination of the Spanish and English terms working memory (memoria de trabajo) and fluid intelligence (inteligencia fluida). The review indicates that attention control and the ability to retrieve information from long-term memory would be the processes through which working memory and fluid intelligence are related. However, there are conflicting results regarding the role of retention of information and information processing capacity in this relationship. We concluded by pointing out some methodological aspects that would enhance the understanding of the relationship between working memory and fluid intelligence.Abstract
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between working memory and fluid intelligence. A search was conducted in PubMed and Google [...]- 0
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- C. Silva, B. Jiménez-Cruz, A. Hernández-MedinaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Parenting practices during the first years of life are crucial for the development of food preferences, self-regulation of intake and for establishing habits. The role of mothers is essential in the monitoring of their children´s feeding, and their practices may be influenced by several factors. In this study the relationship between mothers’ attitudes towards eating, the importance given to their own weight and that of their children, and intake control exerted over them was evaluated. 82 mothers of preschoolers participated. They were administered the Child Feeding Questionnaire, the Intake Control Exercised on the Children Questionnaire, and the Questionnaire of Emotions and Beliefs to Eating and Weight. Results indicate that concerns about the own weight and the children´s, the attitudes towards eating and the importance given to weight control, are related to the control exerted on children´s intake. This could generate thoughts and behaviors that could be constituted as risk or protective factors in the development of eating habits.Abstract
Parenting practices during the first years of life are crucial for the development of food preferences, self-regulation of intake and for establishing habits. The role of [...]- 0
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- C. Silva, B. Jiménez-CruzCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Since adolescence is a particularly vulnerable stage to present depressed mood, and because there is a greater emphasis on depression as a state with the consequent lack of instruments to evaluate it as a feature (understood as the tendency to respond in a depressive way to daily situations), 407 young people with an average age of 20.14 years were evaluated. As the result, a reliable scale of five items was obtained (α = .711) useful to assess depression trait in adolescents. Its validity was confirmed by the convergence of the obtained scores with those resulting from the IDERE (Ramirez, Grau, Martin & Grau, 1989).Abstract
Since adolescence is a particularly vulnerable stage to present depressed mood, and because there is a greater emphasis on depression as a state with the consequent lack of [...]- 0
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- A. Sandoval-Sánchez, J. Jiménez, D. Velázquez-Martínez, F. MirandaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
In this research, the effects of systemic administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline on the effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT on the discriminative properties of the AMPH using the conditioned taste aversion procedure were evaluated. The results showed that neither 8-OH-DPAT nor bicuculline administration did not substitute for AMPH. However, the 8-OH-DPAT administration decreased the discriminative signal of AMPH and the bicuculline administration, prior to the 8-OH-DPAT administration plus a dose of AMPH prevented the effect of the 8-OH-DPAT on discriminative signal of AMPH. These data support the hypothesis that addiction-related behaviors of drugs such as AMPH involve several neurotransmitter systems such as DA, 5-HT and GABA.Abstract
In this research, the effects of systemic administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline on the effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT on the discriminative [...]- 0
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- R. Medina, S. MontijoCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The present study was aimed to determine the profile of sexual risk behavior of adolescents in conflict with the law, and analyze the influence of parents on such behavior, considering the level of support and supervision of their children perceive them and the frequency with which they communicate on issues related to sexual health care. 320 men (M = 16.33 years) belonging to a Community Diagnostic of Mexico. The results showed that adolescents have sexual risk profile, they have started their sexual debut from the thirteen years they have multiple sexual partners were evaluated, and they report different sexual practices, a high percentage of teenagers reported having had sex under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Over 20% reported some sexual health problem. Regarding the role of the parents was found to promote different preventive behaviors, depending on whether the father or mother, for example, they delay their sexual debut, greater frequency of condom use, is less frequent sex under the effects of alcohol and drugs. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of involving parents in the assessment of sexual behavior and sexual health programs generate in this population.Abstract
The present study was aimed to determine the profile of sexual risk behavior of adolescents in conflict with the law, and analyze the influence of parents on such behavior, [...]- 0
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- H. Sánchez-Castillo, G. Olivares, A. Reyes, D. Trejo, F. HerreraCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Nicotine is the main ingredient of tobacco and it has been described as aversive, reinforce and procognitive. However there is not enough research about the overlapping of the dose-dependent effects as aversive stimulus and precognitive effects. For those reasons we evaluated the nicotine effects on the Conditioned Taste Aversion paradigm (CTA) to measure the dose-response curve of the aversive effects of nicotine and to compare such effects with the procognitive effects reported. 20 male Wistar rats in standard laboratory conditions were randomly assigned to 5 groups (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 y 1.6 mg/kg i.p.). The obtained results showed a dose-dependent decrease with a maximum effect at 1.6 mg/kg dose, however we founded effects from the 0.8 mg/kg dose, such dose overlapped with procognitive doses reported. These results allow us to propose that some effects could be due the periferical aversive effects instead of the central procognitive effects.Abstract
Nicotine is the main ingredient of tobacco and it has been described as aversive, reinforce and procognitive. However there is not enough research about the overlapping of [...]- 0
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- H. Sánchez-Castillo, G. Olivares, A. Reyes, D. Trejo, F. HerreraCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Nicotine is the main ingredient of tobacco and it has been described as aversive, reinforce and procognitive. However there is not enough research about the overlapping of the dose-dependent effects as aversive stimulus and precognitive effects. For those reasons we evaluated the nicotine effects on the Conditioned Taste Aversion paradigm (CTA) to evaluated the dose-response curve of the aversive effects of nicotine and to compare such effects with the procognitive effects reported. 20 male Wistar rats in standard laboratory conditions were randomly assigned to 5 groups (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 y 1.6 mg/kg i.p.). The obtained results showed a dose-dependent decrease with a maximum effect at 1.6 mg/kg dose, however we founded effects from the 0.8 mg/kg dose, such dose overlapped with procognitive doses reported. These results allow us to propose that some effects could be due the periferical aversive effects instead of the central procognitive effects.Abstract
Nicotine is the main ingredient of tobacco and it has been described as aversive, reinforce and procognitive. However there is not enough research about the overlapping of [...]- 0
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- R. Aragón, R. CruzCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Although is known that romantic experience gives pleasant sensations to an individual, to live a romantic lost brings pain feelings, desperation and anger because deception in front of reality which prior expectations in the ex partner weren’t possible to reach (Argyle&Furnham, 1983 ). During the romantic grief individual lives under the torment of hope and the possibility of living painful emotions constantly (Zaragoza Toscano, 2007 ). To evaluate the course of the grief process in those persons whose already finished their romantic relationship, we applied to 833 participants the Tridimensional Evaluation of Romantic Grief (Sánchez Aragón&Retana Franco, 2012). We identified four stages: Negotiation, Hostility, Hopelessness and Pseudo-Acceptance, which were supported by literature. We found some differences in the experience of the stages obtained due to the romantic grief reason. Specific findings show that infidelity provokes more hostility and hopelessness in comparison with other reasons as disagreements and lack of time.Abstract
Although is known that romantic experience gives pleasant sensations to an individual, to live a romantic lost brings pain feelings, desperation and anger because deception [...]- 0
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- F. Quiroz, F. Carmona, L. Martínez, G. Posada, O. CarbonellCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
As more women enter the workforce either as half or full time, it is now the norm in many societies for children to be placed in childcare before their first birthday. Because most of these children spend at least eight hours in childcare, we need to assess the quality of the service supplied by professional secondary caregivers (PSC). Maternal sensitivity is defined as mother’s ability to perceive and respond promptly and accurately to the child’s signals (Bowlby, 1969, Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters & Wall, 1978). The AQS (Waters, 1995) consists of 90 items describing attachment relevant infant behavior, the MBQS (Pederson & Moran, 1995) consists of 90 items describing maternal behavior. 34 child-PSC dyads were assessed in Mexican Social Security Child Care centers with the AQS and MBQS, to explore the factorial structure of sensitivity and secure base behaviors in Child Care facilities. The Child Care-adapted version of the AQS explains 52.99% of the variance (α=.69) and underlines the inconsistency of the relationship. The Professional Secondary Caregiver Q-Sort (PSCQS) explains the 45.35% of the variance (α=.91) with few and less specific factors than those previously reported in the MBSQ.Abstract
As more women enter the workforce either as half or full time, it is now the norm in many societies for children to be placed in childcare before their first birthday. Because [...]- 0
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- F. Román, P. Santibáñez, E. VinetCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The short version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21, Lovibond y Lovibond, 1995) has been shown to have appropriate psychometric properties among Chilean adolescents and undergraduates. The current study was aimed at determining the cut-off scores of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) for screening Chilean youngsters at risk of mental health problems and requiring mental health treatment. The sample comprised 393 non-patients youngsters aged 15-24 and 77 youngsters at early stage of psychotherapy. The presence of symptoms was used as gold standard for estimating the cut-off betWeen non-symptomatic youngsters and symptomatic patients. Receiving Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses allowed examining accuracy of each scale and sensitivity and specificity analysis was performed for determining the cut-off points. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was higher than 0.9 for each scale of the DASS-21. The optimal cut-off score for the Depression scale was 6 and above, which resulted in sensitivity=88, 46 and specificity=86, 77, and a cut-off of 5 and above was optimal for the anxiety scale, with a sensitivity of 87, 50 and specificity of 83, 38.The Stress Scale had sensitivity of 81, 48 and specificity of 71, 36 at the optimal cut-off score of 6 and above. These findings suggest that the DASS-21 performs adequately as a screening tool to identify Chilean young people at risk of mental health problems.Abstract
The short version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21, Lovibond y Lovibond, 1995) has been shown to have appropriate psychometric properties among Chilean adolescents [...]- 0
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- A. Ramírez, M. MéndezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Alexithymia is a cognitive-affective disorder that causes a deficiency in the ability to identify, describe and express feelings (Sifneos, 1973), is related with familiar environment dysfunctional, as the involvement of the parents in the emotional needs of their children (Kind & Mallinckrodt, 2000). From this approach, the goal of the research was to determine if family functioning predicts alexithymia in persons with Body Mass Index (BMI) of normal weight, overweight and obesity. 428 collaborated voluntarily. Participated adults living in the Mexico City(M = 40 years, SD = 7.8) who responded to the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby, Parker & Taylor, 1994), Scale of Family Functioning (Garcia Mendez et al., 2006) and reported their height and weight to get their BMI. Analysis of stepwise linear regression were performed and the results suggest that in people with overweight and obesity, factors cohesion/rules and hostility/avoidance conflict are predictors of alexithymia. In normoweight, forecasters were command/problems in expressing feelings and cohesion/rules. These results show clearly that dysfunctional relationships facilitate the presence of behaviours related to alexithymia.Abstract
Alexithymia is a cognitive-affective disorder that causes a deficiency in the ability to identify, describe and express feelings (Sifneos, 1973), is related with familiar [...]- 0
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- A. Vigueras, S. Aragón, P. Andeane, J. SánchezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Women are taking another position in the society, because they have accessed education, well-paid job, and politics, which generate changes which are related with the actual women role. Given the impact of these changes in interpersonal relationships, the objective of the present research was to construct a scale which measures the attitude to a successful woman in men and women. A sample was applied to 618 volunteer participants, 304 men and 314 women. After obtaining the internal consistent and the discrimination of reagents, a factorial analysis of the principal components with orthogonal rotation was made. The results grouped 71 reagents in four factors: leader, affective-altruistic, self-sufficient and competent.Abstract
Women are taking another position in the society, because they have accessed education, well-paid job, and politics, which generate changes which are related with the actual [...]- 0
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- A. Vigueras, S. Aragón, R. LovingCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
This paper has the aim of knowing which of the personality attributes linked to instrumentality (set of characteristics linked to competivity, responsibility, and achievement orientation) and expressivity (set of characteristics linked to the expression of affect, and caring for others) is the best predictor for attitudes towards successful women in both men and women. A sample of 908 voluntaries (454 men, 454 women), all residents of Mexico City, was used for this study. Results show the impact of positive instrumentality and positive expressivity (androgyny) is important for men and women to determine their positive attitude towards a successful woman.Abstract
This paper has the aim of knowing which of the personality attributes linked to instrumentality (set of characteristics linked to competivity, responsibility, and achievement [...]- 0
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- P. Joslyn, T. Vollmer, V. HernándezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The good behavior game (GBG) is an interdependent group contingency procedure designed to reduce disruptive behavior in classroom settings. In the GBG, a class is divided into groups, simple rules are made, and contingencies are placed on the students’ rule-following behavior. This procedure has been proven effective across various student ages, and its simplicity and long-term effects have contributed to its popularity in school settings. Although it has been systematically evaluated across a wide range of student ages, research on the GBG is lacking in the area of population- and setting-specific assessments. In this evaluation, the GBG was implemented in three classrooms (student ages 7-12) at a school for children with severe problem behavior, in particular, these students had already displayed behavior that might be described as “delinquent” or “predelinquent.” Disruptive behavior substantially decreased across all three classrooms as a result of the intervention. This application extends the current literature by systematically replicating the results of the GBG with a different population. Implementation of the GBG, population-specific obstacles, results, and future directions are discussed.Abstract
The good behavior game (GBG) is an interdependent group contingency procedure designed to reduce disruptive behavior in classroom settings. In the GBG, a class is divided [...]- 0
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- L. Berumen, M. Ramírez, G. RiveraCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Burn injuries are considered one of the most traumatic injuries a child or adolescent may experience and their consequences go beyond the physical problems, therefore the knowledge of positive adjustment after a burn is important. The aims of this study were to identify the levels of resilience in a group of pediatric burn survivors and to evaluate the differences by sex. This was a cross-sectional study in which 57 children and adolescents burn survivors, who attended to the Plastic Surgery Service of the UANL University Hospital, were evaluated. The results showed that children and adolescents of this study reported a high level of resilience, so it can be concluded that experiencing a traumatic or devastating event does not necessarily leads to negative consequences in psychological or behavioral functioning.Abstract
Burn injuries are considered one of the most traumatic injuries a child or adolescent may experience and their consequences go beyond the physical problems, therefore the [...]- 0
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- J. Gutiérrez, S. Aragón, I. Lagunes, M. ParraCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Human happiness is complex, and in interpersonal terms, particularly in a relationship, there are many elements involved (Argyle, 1987 ). But there is no scale to measure happiness in the couple, therefore, the objective was to develop and validate a scale of happiness in the couple, culturally appropriated and reliable. The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a scale for happiness in the couple was developed and reliability and validity were obtained, in the second phase, we performed a second-order factor analysis. The results showed a valid and reliable scale that measures the evaluation of happiness in the couple as well as the elements needed for a couple to be happy.Abstract
Human happiness is complex, and in interpersonal terms, particularly in a relationship, there are many elements involved (Argyle, 1987 ). But there is no scale to measure [...]- 0
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- Y. PoortingaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Cross-cultural psychology, in both its culture-comparative and its cultural traditions, has been a highly successful enterprise, it has been instrumental in establishing context variation as an essential factor in the study of behavior and has led to a large volume of publications with culture as a key term. At the same time, the question arises whether the further accumulation of findings of often small differences between groups will continue to be a worthwhile pursuit, or whether it is time for a reorientation. Here two widespread assumptions of research on behavior and culture are discussed that are likely to be unsustainable: (i) a focus on cross-cultural differences at the cost of cultural invariance, (ii) the presumed psychological coherence of cultures, especially national cultures, reflected in major dimensions of differences in psychological functioning. It is argued that also emerging methods in cultural neuropsychology continue to place too much emphasis on cross-cultural differences and cultural coherence. With a view to reorientation two ideas are explored: (i) culture-comparative research needs an explicit focus on what humans as a species have in common (psychological invariance) and (ii) explanatory frameworks should have a better theoretical foundation. Research traditions in biology are mentioned that can provide a source of inspiration to researchers in cross-cultural psychology. One such tradition is classical ethology as outlined by Tinbergen (1963) who proposed that in the analysis of behavior patterns researchers should be asking multiple questions about the immediate context (cause), function, ontogenetic development and phylogenetic history.Abstract
Cross-cultural psychology, in both its culture-comparative and its cultural traditions, has been a highly successful enterprise, it has been instrumental in establishing context [...]- 0
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- M. Ramos, C. MartínezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of parental styles in negotiation and conflict between parents and adolescents, from the perspective of each one. So the study was divided into two phases. The purpose of the first phase was to analyze the interrelationships between parenting styles that adolescents perceive both parents and styles of negotiation which the teenager used. The goal of the second phase was to analyze the influences that have parental styles in the conflict padres-adolescents, from the perspective of fathers and mothers. The results obtained in this study allow deducing that the parental style influences the way in which teenagers particípate in the negotiations, as well as in the intensity and frequency of the conflict perceived by parents. We conclude that when the parenting style of both parents is perceived warm teen uses a negotiation based on collaboration-equity, while parents characterized as warm, perceive a decrease in the intensity and frequency of conflict with their children.Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of parental styles in negotiation and conflict between parents and adolescents, from the perspective of each one. So the [...]- 0
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- C. Sánchez-Xicotencatl, P. Palos, D. Ocampo, G. CedilloCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
In Mexico alcohol consumption has increased mainly in adolescents. It has been identified that the ability to resist peer pressure can be a factor that protects the young from alcohol, tobacco and drugs, although this does not have an instrument to assess the skill specifically for alcohol. The aim of this work was to design and validate a scale that assesses the ability to resist peer pressure specifically for alcohol in public high schools and college students from Mexico City, and assessed whether there were significant differences in the resistance level by gender and level of alcohol consumption. The sample was not random and consisted of 900 public high schools (38.6%) and college (61.4%) students of Mexico City (42.9% men and 57.1% women) with a average age was 15.6 years (sd = 2.5). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a single factor of six items with good level of reliability, afterwards was a confirmatory factor analysis in which the fit indices performed well and kept the six items. Women showed greater resistance to peer pressure than men and it was found that young people who have a deficit in the ability to resist peer pressure have higher levels of alcohol consumption so it is important to strengthen that skill in prevention programs.Abstract
In Mexico alcohol consumption has increased mainly in adolescents. It has been identified that the ability to resist peer pressure can be a factor that protects the young [...]- 0
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- G. Contreras, I. LagunesCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The Child Feeding Questionnaire developed by Birch, Fisher, Grimm-Thomas, Markey, & Sawyer, (2001) is a widely used mesurement to assess beliefs, actitudes and practices around child feeding. However, the psychometric characteristics of the CFQ for use with Mexican populations are unknown. The pupose of this stuydy was to test the reliability and validity of a modified version of the CFQ in mexican population. Prior to testing psychometric characteristics, the questionnaire was traslated into spanish usign a traslation-back-traslation method. Some adaptation were made, in order to make them culturally appropriate. Also three new items were added. The questionnaire was administered to 1157 mexican mothers of children aged 5-12 years. Constuct validity was assessed by principal componet factor analysis with varimax rotation, revealed the presence of eight major factors, which explain 59.99% of variance. Reliability was tested by Cronbachs alpha coefficient, and was aceptable for the eigth factors (a: .858). This modified eight factor CFQ appears to be a linguistically, and culturally appropriate instrument for assessing practices, attitudes and parental feeding beliefs in Mexican mother of 5 to12 years children.Abstract
The Child Feeding Questionnaire developed by Birch, Fisher, Grimm-Thomas, Markey, & Sawyer, (2001) is a widely used mesurement to assess beliefs, actitudes and practices around [...]- 0
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- A. Suárez, C. LozadaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Neuropsychological maturity is the level of organization and maturational development that allows the development of behavioral and cognitive age-appropriate individual functions, crawling behavior is the first harmonic motion in which the baby uses his head and his both lower extremities as superior, to support and move, it allows the establishment of connections between brain hemispheres, leading to the intercom that simplifies the work of the brain and promotes the maturation of the cognitive functions of the infant, the objective of this research was compare neuropsychological maturity in children 5 and 6 years of age who presented behavior crawling with those who had not, the sample consisted of 50 students from private schools in central Colombia. It was a quantitative study with a comparative-descriptive cross-sectional design, in which the history and the parent questionnaire battery neuropsychological evaluation Infantil (ENI) developed by Matute, Rosselli, Ardila y Ostrosky (2007) and was used Maturity Questionnaire Neuropsychological Children (CUMANIN). First, he made the selected sample, the instruments are applied, and the results were analyzed and finally publicly sustained research. It was concluded through statistical Wilcoxon Shapiro applied to compare the scores of the two groups possibly psychomotor scale depends on crawling, regarding the performance when comparing the 2 groups with the Chi-square statistic best results are evidenced in nine scales the group presented crawling behavior with respect to the group that did not crawl.Abstract
Neuropsychological maturity is the level of organization and maturational development that allows the development of behavioral and cognitive age-appropriate individual functions, [...]- 0
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- S. Chainé, F. PinedaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Parent behavioral training results in behavioral changes that are associated with the reduction of a child’s problematic behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to identify the most effective components of a parent behavioral training program on both, the observed parents’ behavior and their report on the reduction of their child’s problematic behavior. Participants were 84 Mexican parents of two to twelve years old children with behavioral problems. Parents attended a positive child raising program based in role playing that trained them to respond in a positive manner to their children’s behaviors with the ultimate goal of reducing problematic behaviors. The children’s behaviors were assessed using self-report questionnaires answered by the parents. After the behavioral training, a significant change in the parents’ behavior was observed. Parents also reported a significant reduction of their child’s problematic behavior. The most effective components of the intervention program were behavior correction, praise, giving clear instructions, rule establishment, problem solving, social interaction, and the reduction in punishment.Abstract
Parent behavioral training results in behavioral changes that are associated with the reduction of a child’s problematic behaviors. The purpose of the present study was [...]- 0
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- I. Martínez, J. Prado, B. RiveraCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to determine the influence of transformational and transactional leadership behavior in the outcome variables of a sample of 100 managers within an entertainment provider organization in Mexico. Structural equation modeling showed that the leadership behavior factors of the participating managers highlighted in first place transformational subscales such as intelectual stimulation, idealized influence (behavior), idealized influence (atribute) and individual consideration. The most important outcome variable for them was extra effort. This result means that managers are interested in developing their followers skillness to resolve problems and update their staff. The theoretical and empirical findings of previous studies of the Model of Bass and Avolio were reaffirmed such as direct and significant correlations between the leadership behaviors and outcome variables and inverse correlations with laissez faire leadership behavior. Alpha Cronbach reliability values were above .70 in such variables.Abstract
The purpose of this article was to determine the influence of transformational and transactional leadership behavior in the outcome variables of a sample of 100 managers within [...]- 0
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- B. González, F. CabreraCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
There are few intervention programs designed for reducing bullying in the classrooms. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention program based on the principles of applied behavior analysis to reduce bullying in the classroom. The program was designed to train elementary school teachers in the application of eight behavioral techniques (i.e., stimuli control, cost of response, reinforcing alternative responses, self-control of anger, group contingencies, task analysis, monitoring, and shaping). Eight teachers from three public schools were trained and they implemented the program during a whole school year. Those teachers had 223 students. From that total 28 were identified as bullies and 28 as victims. The bullying behavior of those 28 children as well as the disruptive behaviors of the 223 students were measured pre, during and post treatment. Results showed that the intervention program was successful in reducing bullying as well as disruptive behaviors. The program was especially effective in reducing antisocial behavior.Abstract
There are few intervention programs designed for reducing bullying in the classrooms. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention program [...]- 0
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- B. González, F. Cabrera, K. MartínezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a positive child rearing program with parents for reducing bullying and incrementing pro-social behavior of their children. Participants were eight couples and two single parents of 10 children identified as bullies. Half of the parents were assigned to a control group and the other half were trained to identify aggressive and pro-social behaviors of their children, as well as their antecedents and consequences. During eight weekly sessions parents were trained to set limits, reinforce both pro-social behavior and alternative responses to the aggressive ones, to correct, slightly disapprove, punish and extinguish aggressive behavior. Frequency of emission of specific pro-social behaviors (doing homework, helping in domestic chores and picking up toys) and of physical and verbal aggression was registered by parents and teachers during three weeks of base line and during eight weeks of treatment. Results showed a significant reduction of aggressive behavior and an increase of pro-social behavior compared both to base line and to the frequency of the same behaviors by children of the control group. Notably, behavior also changed at school. Results are discussed regarding the usefulness of interventions with parents in reducing bullying behavior by their children in different contextsAbstract
The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a positive child rearing program with parents for reducing bullying and incrementing pro-social behavior of their children. [...]- 0
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- G. ZuninoCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
This work is part of a larger project in which we seek to analize how Spanish speakers produce and understand causal and counter-causal relations. Our general hypothesis is that causality is a basic conceptual / semantic relation that is processed “by default” and more easily than other relations, such as counter-causality. On this occasion, our specific objectives were: 1) to evaluate the extent to which formal education influences this process, 2) what is the effect of the absence / presence of specific connectives, especially in relation to the level of formal education of the subject. We carry out a psycholinguistic experiment designed to elicit causal and counter-causal continuations of short texts with and without connective. We evaluated two groups of subjects with different levels of formal education. The results show that: a) in the absence of connective, the tendency to establish causality is strong and consistent, b) with connective, error levels are higher for counter-causal relations and the time required to process them is significantly higher. This pattern holds for the two groups of subjects analyzed, so do not depend on schooling but, instead, seems to be a more basic linguistic process shared by all speakers.Abstract
This work is part of a larger project in which we seek to analize how Spanish speakers produce and understand causal and counter-causal relations. Our general hypothesis is [...]- 0
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- M. SaucedoCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
In Mexico the process of aging is growing rapidly therefore there are structural changes on the all areas of the life. High levels of poverty exist in the country, which they do of the population of major adults a vulnerable group. In this population the factors that they contribute to his well-being are determined by different situation of his/her life. In relation to the mental health the most frequent suffering is the depression that unlike other social groups the factors that unleash it are different. The aim is to know if difference exists in the levels well-being satisfaction between men and women. Also to know if the level of well-being is relates to the depression. The sample size was 201 major adults who live in situation of poverty in 17 municipalities of the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara, Mexico. The 47.8% was men, the rest (52.2%) women, the average of age is of x˜ =77.6, s=5.8. The comparative analyses showed that the factors that make feel satisfied both men and women are the health and the love of their children. Also the religion (in women) as the relation of spouse (in men) they are factors that favor the well-being of the major adults. The men have better perception of health that the women. Finally in both groups the levels of depression are related principally with being healthy, to be alive and to live in peace.Abstract
In Mexico the process of aging is growing rapidly therefore there are structural changes on the all areas of the life. High levels of poverty exist in the country, which they [...]- 0
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- J. Maffei, J. Singer-Dudek, K. Dolleen-DayCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
We tested the effects of the establishment of conditioned reinforcement for observing human faces and/or voices on the rate of learning, observing responses, and verbal operant emissions for four children, ages 4-5 years, with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and related disorders. We used a non-concurrent, delayed probe design across participants with pre and post-intervention measures. The intervention included a conjugate stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure. Results demonstrated that as a function of the intervention, faces were conditioned for three out of three participants and voices were conditioned for two out of two participants for whom either was lacking respectively prior to the intervention (both faces and voices were conditioned for one participant). Post-intervention probes demonstrated increases in rate of learning, observing responses, and verbal operants for all four participants.Abstract
We tested the effects of the establishment of conditioned reinforcement for observing human faces and/or voices on the rate of learning, observing responses, and verbal operant [...]- 0
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- S. Miguel, M. Quintanilla, G. Cruz, L. Morfín, P. Contreras, D. García, M. HernándezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The suicide is a problem of public world health and the adolescents are those who present with more frequency this problem. Nevertheless, the studies of the suicide phenomenon from a cultural perspective are limited. Cultural research in suicidology is important to develop the understanding of the meanings of suicidal behavior in different contexts. The cultural consensus theory would contribute to the cultural perspective of the knowledge of suicidal behaviors in terms of its internal elements and their functioning (emic) and this theory allows knowing if there exists a knowledge shared by a social group regarding an issue and allows to recognize its organization. The aim of this study was to identify the semantic structure of the cultural domain, as well as the average of knowledge and the degree of cultural consensus regarding suicide among adolescent suicide attempters. It was a qualitative study, using the free-listing technique, with a non-random sample made up of 29 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 years. The free lists were on: the causes, the signs and the symptoms, what he/she feels, thinks and does before attempting suicide and the strategies of suicide prevention at adolescence. The results showed for every question a single semantic model in the cultural domain suicide attempt. In such structure, the family problems were identified as the cause of suicidal attempt, the depression and the sadness were symptoms before suicidal attempt. The sadness, the loneliness and the anger were what an adolescent feels before the suicide attempt. Furthermore, to get out of the problem and to end his/her life were what an adolescent thinks before attempting suicide and to commit suicide was what an adolescent does before to suicide attempt. To pay more attention, to talk with the adolescent, to improve the communication with the parents and to attend a psychotherapy were identified as strategies for suicide prevention. The results highlight the importance of the family of suicide prevention programs for adolescents based on cultural knowledge.Abstract
The suicide is a problem of public world health and the adolescents are those who present with more frequency this problem. Nevertheless, the studies of the suicide phenomenon [...]- 0
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- A. Herrera, R. TenaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The psychology of music can be found within a conceptual and empirical framework that is useful as a reference to explain the human response to it. An important research line of this discipline is the one that studies the musical taste, on which is based this article. The comparison is between musical taste and preferences of musical genres among people with musical education and those without it. The sample was constituted by 104 participants that were divided into two groups: a) individuals with musical formation (MF), with 52 participants (19 women and 33 men), b) individuals without musical formation (WMF). As a result, it was found that music is important in peoples' daily lives, the MF people like music because of musical expression, and their favorite music genre was the highbrow. This contrasts with the WFM people that like music because they find it relaxing- their favorite musical genre is pop. Both groups agree in their favorite musical component- the parts that integrate music. Although the MF group likes the highbrow genre more because of the parts that constitute its structure. Conversely, the WMF group were drawn primarily to the lyrics and rhythm. We can conclude that education is a determining factor in musical taste, and therefore plays a part in the choice of what music we like the most. Since musical tastes change depending on musical education held by the individual. People that have musical education encourage their taste. They use music as an artistic expression resource, and the genres they listen to are what can be considered "highbrow" music. Whereas the people that don’t count with musical knowledge listen to popular music because they want to relax themselves. These individuals spend more time daily listening to music that the vox populli listens to because they like the lyrics and the rhythm.Abstract
The psychology of music can be found within a conceptual and empirical framework that is useful as a reference to explain the human response to it. An important research line [...]- 0
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- N. Fuentes, J. MedinaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
This study examines levels of resilience considering differences of age and sex, so it provides data from a sample composed of 607 participants divided into four age groups: children, teenagers, young adults and middle adulthood, men and women all of the city of Toluca Mexico, applying the questionnaire of resilience of González Arratia (2011). The results of the exploratory factor analysis for each age bracket, indicate a structure of three factors that vary in each group, which suggests the dimensions of resilience to follow different patterns according to the age. Also reported significant differences between men and women. It is concluded that in the research into resilience is essential to evaluate the variables proposed in the study simultaneously in order to have consistent results.Abstract
This study examines levels of resilience considering differences of age and sex, so it provides data from a sample composed of 607 participants divided into four age groups: [...]- 0
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- N. Fuentes, J. MedinaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
This study examines levéis of resilience considering differences of age and sex, so it provides data from a sample composed of 607 participants divided into four age groups: children, teenagers, young adults and middle adulthood, men and women all of the city of Toluca México, applying the questionnaire of resilience of González Arratia (2011). The results of the exploratory factor analysis for each age bracket, indícate a structure of three factors that vary in each group, which suggests the dimensions of resilience to follow different patterns according to the age. Also reported significant differences between men and women. It is concluded that in the research into resilience is essential to evalúate the variables proposed in the study simultaneously in order to have consistent results.Abstract
This study examines levéis of resilience considering differences of age and sex, so it provides data from a sample composed of 607 participants divided into four age groups: [...]- 0
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- R. León-Sánchez, B. Jiménez-Cruz, J. SobrinoCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
In order to explore the beliefs about the causes of obesity, one questionnaire designed on purpose were applied to a sample of 142 students of second and third grades of secondary school (71 Spaniard and 71 Mexican), with ages between 13 and 16 years (M = 14.02, SD = .846). Participants considered that Volition and Personality were the most important causes of obesity, X2 (5, 142) = 265 353, pAbstract
In order to explore the beliefs about the causes of obesity, one questionnaire designed on purpose were applied to a sample of 142 students of second and third grades of secondary [...]- 0
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- J. Rubia, S. BasurtoCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The aims of this paper were: 1) to estimate the levels of couple violence (received and exercised) and alexithymia among women, and 2) to study the relationship among alexithymia and violence. The Questionnaire of Couple Violence and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were applied to a nonprobability sample of 118 Mexican women with a heterosexual partner. Mean of age was 35 years old (SD = 10) ranking from 18 to 57. Regarding marital status, 53 of 118 women (45%) reported being married, 28 (24%) separated, 21 (18%) in free union with a partner, 11 (9%) single, 4 (3%) divorced and 1 (1%) widow. Indices of received violence and exerted violence that vary from 0 to 100 were calculated multiplying reported frequency by reported damage. Comparisons of means for Students t-test, linear correlations, linear regression and path analysis were use for data analysis. Alexithymia (TAS-20 total scores ≥ 61) was found in 42% of women, received violence in 25% (scores of received violence index ≥ 30), and exercised violence in 5% (scores of received violence index ≥ 30). The mean of index of received violence was higher than the one of index of exerted violence (t [117] = 4.15, p < .01). Alexithymia was associated to violence. Its correlation was higher with received violence than with exerted violence. A reactive violence pattern was observed in which alexithymia acts as a risk factor. In this path model, alexithymia (TAS-20 total score) determined both the received damage as the index of exerted violence. The received damage determined the index of exerted violence. The variable of level of education was added as a determinant of the index of exerted violence, owing to model ran out degrees of freedom with only one variable exogenous (alexithymia).The model explained 21% of the variance of exerted violence and 19% of the variance of received damage with a close fit to the data (χ2 [1, N = 118] = 0.14, p = .71, GFI = 1, AGFI = .99, NFI = 1, CFI = 1, and RMSEA = 0). This relationship among alexithymia and violence could probably be due to the adjustment and control problems that alexithymia involves. It is suggested to assess alexithymia in new studies and interventions in couple violence.Abstract
The aims of this paper were: 1) to estimate the levels of couple violence (received and exercised) and alexithymia among women, and 2) to study the relationship among alexithymia [...]- 0
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- J. Rubia, A. OCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The aims of this article were to study the internal consistency, factor structure, distribution and sex differences in averages of the Internalized Homonegativity scale (IHN, Currie, Cunningham, & Findlay, 2004 ) extended to a total of 17 items (IHN-17). The IHN-17 scale was applied to a non-probability sample of 231 health sciences college students from northeastern Mexico (121 women and 103 men). An item was removed due to problems of internal consistency and low factor loading. The internal consistency was high with the remaining 16 items (α = .88). A model of three low-order factors (public display of homosexuality, α = .81, internal acceptance of homosexual desire, α = .81, and promiscuity, α = .69) nested in a general factor had a fit to the data from good to adequate by generalized least squares, and was invariant between both sexes. The IHN-16 total score followed a normal distribution, and men averaged higher than women, although the difference was statically significant only in the factor of public display. It is concluded that IHN-16 scale with its hierarchical model has higher consistency and more content validity than the original one. Its use and study are suggested in Mexico.Abstract
The aims of this article were to study the internal consistency, factor structure, distribution and sex differences in averages of the Internalized Homonegativity scale (IHN, [...]- 0
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- J. Rubia, A. O., C. CadenaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The aims of this paper were to describe and predict the level of internalized homonegativity, considering variables on socio-demographic data, sexual life, social life, and clinic aspects. An interview questionnaire and the Internalized Homonegativity Scale were applied to a non-probability sample of 231 students of health sciences, 121 were women and 103 men. Ordinal regression models were calculated._Low internalized homonegativity was found in 38% of participants, ambiguity in 45%, and rejection in 17%. The HNI-16 total score correlated with sexual orientation, religion, and having gay friends. The factor of rejection toward the public manifestation of homosexuality correlated with having gay friends, gender, self-defined sexual orientation, religion, and number of sexual partners. The factor of rejection toward own homosexual feelings, desires, and identity correlated with self-defined sexual orientation, religion, number of sexual partners, and sexually active years. The factor related to the qualification of homosexual persons as promiscuous persons correlated with self-defined sexual orientation, having started couple sexual life, religion, and sexually active years. The variables that predicted lower internalized homonegativity were non-heterosexual orientation, religious adscription different from Christian and Catholic, and having gay friends. Additionally, female gender predicted greater acceptance toward the public manifestation of homosexuality, and having started couple sexual life predicted greater stigmatization of homosexuals as promiscuous persons. It is discussed that in these relationships are involved aspects of congruence with constructed personal identity, positive experience with the stigmatized object, and a cultural attitude that stigmatizes male homosexuality more than female homosexuality. Among these university students, once they have started their couple sexual life, their greater certainty on the opinion of that homosexual persons are promiscuous and incapable of intimacy might respond to a projective defense mechanism triggered by heterosexist values, which put sexuality at the service of reproduction and parenting, and not at the service of experimentation and pleasure. It is concluded that the rejection level is considerable, and thus it is suggested working on these variables in the workshops of acceptance toward sexual diversity.Abstract
The aims of this paper were to describe and predict the level of internalized homonegativity, considering variables on socio-demographic data, sexual life, social life, and [...]- 0
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- W. JohnCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
One result of the intake and settlement of migrants and the presence of indigenous peoples is the formation of culturally plural societies. In these societies, the domain of intercultural relations is ripe for social psychological research. Such research can provide a knowledge basis for the development and implementation of policies and programmes in plural societies. There are three hypotheses bearing on intercultural relations being examined in much current psychological research: the multiculturalism hypothesis, the integration hypothesis, and the contact hypothesis . These hypotheses are derived in part from statements in the Canadian multiculturalism policy. The multiculturalism hypothesis is that when individuals and societies are confident in, and feel secure about their own cultural identities and their place in the larger society, more positive mutual attitudes will result, in contrast, when these identities are threatened, mutual hostility will result. The integration hypothesis is that there will be more successful psychological and social outcomes for individuals and societies when strategies and policies that support double cultural engagement (ie., with both the heritage and national cultures) are pursued. The contact hypothesis is that greater contact between cultural groups will lead to more positive mutual regard, under most contact circumstances. This paper reviews research that is relevant to all three hypotheses, and concludes that research supports the continuation of the Multiculturalism policy and programmes that are intended to improve intercultural relations.Abstract
One result of the intake and settlement of migrants and the presence of indigenous peoples is the formation of culturally plural societies. In these societies, the domain [...]- 0
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- N. González-Arratia-López-Fuentes, J. MedinaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
This study reports validity results of the Spanish Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH) by Lluch (1999), which converged with measures of resilience, in a non-clinical sample of Mexican children, through a cross-sectional study with 194 children (n = 72 men, n = 122 women), between 9 and 12 years old from the city of Toluca, Mexico. An exploratory factor analysis, using the principal components and oblique rotation method, extracted 4 from the six original dimensions, with 39.614% of total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a three-dimensional model which requires further investigation and detail. A satisfactory Cronbachs Alpha was obtained, which proves convergent validity with resilience. The data suggests the need of a conceptual and methodological reviews of the construct in order to have more consistent results.Abstract
This study reports validity results of the Spanish Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH) by Lluch (1999), which converged with measures of resilience, in a non-clinical sample [...]- 0
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- Y. Cienfuegos-Martínez, A. Saldívar-Garduño, R. Diaz-Loving, A. Avalos-MontoyaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Individualism and collectivism are considered dichotomous cultural syndromes that characterize members of a country and they can be reflected on national identity. An individualistic culture is characterized by promote independence and autonomy, by other hand, a collectivistic culture promotes interdependence between person and his/her reference group, in these cultures the group necessities are most important that the individuals ones. However, the geopolitical boundaries between countries not contemplate the differences between history, social norms and practices, or cultural particularities between localities and counties. For example between Mexico City and Guanajuato which have, in theory, antagonistic politic tendencies: Guanajuato is considered an ultraconservative region in Mexico, while Mexico City is known for the opening to discuss themes as abortions legalization for free election or same-sex marriage, Mexico City is related with left political ideology. In a conservative context, is more common to be agree with traditional ideology about roles for men and women. In this way, men and women can internalized individualism and collectivisms different. The aim of this paper is determined characteristics of individualism and collectivism in two Mexican regions as well as in men and women. It was atended by 420 men and women of the Valley of Mexico and the state of Guanajuato. Results show that the Mexican population as a whole, shows characteristics of individualism and collectivism, there are significant differences on three of ten factors by region. In all of them, the mean is upper to theoretical mean. In Guanajuato, people show higher values of independence and freedom, but, at same time, they report high levels of familism related to obedience. About gender differences, the sample of women in Guanajuato shows higher levels of individualism in comparison with other groups. The findings are discussed on the relevant literature. For subsequent studies is important include variables as scholar level, socioeconomic level, and attitudes about their referential and comparison groups.Abstract
Individualism and collectivism are considered dichotomous cultural syndromes that characterize members of a country and they can be reflected on national identity. An individualistic [...]- 0
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- S. Iglesias-Hoyos, A. Arreola, J. Muñoz-DelgadoCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Facial affect recognition is the capacity of every person to recognize basic forms of affective expression, which appears at human faces. Previous research suggests that facial affect recognition differences between university careers exist. There are few studies at Mexico that assess these. The purpose of this study was to determine career differences among university studies. To assess the variable 70 images from the Facial Expression of Emotion- Stimuli and Test were used. To determine career differences a single factor analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test was made, obtaining statistically significant differences at facial affect recognition of sadness, disgust and angry emotions.Abstract
Facial affect recognition is the capacity of every person to recognize basic forms of affective expression, which appears at human faces. Previous research suggests that facial [...]- 0
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- F. Moreno, R. HernándezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The aim of the study was analyze the relationship of stress, depression and coping strategies with PTSD in a sample of patients with breast cancer. With a nonrandom sample of 52 women with breast cancer. The results indicate a relationship between PTSD and stress (r = .344, p = .014), PTSD and depression (rs = .346, p = .013), PTSD and cognitive avoidance (r = .437, p = .001), PTSD and hopelessness (rs = .437, p = .001) and the anxious concern with PTSD (rs =. 581, p = .001). The predictors of PTSD were stress, depression, cognitive avoidance and hopelessness, explaining 43.9% of the variance.Abstract
The aim of the study was analyze the relationship of stress, depression and coping strategies with PTSD in a sample of patients with breast cancer. With a nonrandom sample [...]- 0
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- M. Grigoravicius, A. Iglesias, P. Ponce, J. Poultier, M. Pandolfi, V. Nigro, L. BradichanskyCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The paper presents the results of an investigation Project UBACYT (Programming 2010/12) “Consumption of psychoactive substances and expectancies towards alcohol in school children between 8 and 12 years old”. The paper studies a clinical sample that receives psychological assistance in a Child Clinical Psychology Unit that depends on Segunda Cátedra de Psicoanálisis: Escuela Inglesa, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. It investigates the consumption of these substances in children and their responsible adults. The samples are composed of 55 children (17 girls and 38 boys) and 55 responsible adults (47 women and 8 men). The CORIN (Children Risk Behavior) was administrated to the children, it evaluates risk situations regarding to the use of psychoactive substances in school children, a questionnaire that inquires consumption habits was administrated to parents or responsible adults of these children. Also, a protocol of sociodemographic information was used in order to gather and systematize the information of the medical history. Results and conclusions: the presence of occasional alcohol consumption in the 33% of the children sample was recorded. The existence of alcohol consumption in previous ages than the ones studied by governmental agencies. It must be mentioned that the children have consumed alcohol in festive situations and in company of their responsible adults. Regarding to the responsible adults of these children, important proportions of lifetime, year and month prevalence of occasional alcohol and tobacco consumption were recorded, also the abusive consumption of these substances. The registered proportions of the consumption of illegal substances are much lower. The study shows an increase in the occasional consumption of alcohol in children when the responsible adult made an abusive use of alcohol and tobacco during the last year and in less extent when the adult used more than one illegal substance (cocaine and marihuana). The consumption of alcohol in children increased significantly when the responsible adults had made abusive use of alcohol in the last month. It is inferred that the occasional consumption of alcohol in children of the age range studied, is associated with the characteristics of their family background and the consumption habits of the responsible adults.Abstract
The paper presents the results of an investigation Project UBACYT (Programming 2010/12) “Consumption of psychoactive substances and expectancies towards alcohol in school [...]- 0
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- F. Gordillo, M. Pérez, L. Mestas, J. Salvador, J. Arana, R. LópezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The ability to recognize emotions is necessary for the normal childs adjustment to the social and educational environment, and to identify disorders including autism, anxiety and depression in the early stages of development. An experiment was performed to understanding this process. The participants were 47 children distributed in three groups (6-7, 8-9. 10-11 years). Children had to see pictures of facial and corporal expressions of happiness, sadness, anger and fear. Participants were than asked to say if they recognized the facial and corporal expressed emotion, from a labels related to these basic emotions and represented by emoticons. The results showed enhanced recognition of facial and corporal expressions of fear in children of 8- 11 years olds compared to those of 6-7 years olds (p < .01, r > .50). On the other hand, the result showed significant differences (p < .01, r > .50), between children of 6-7 and 8-11 years olds, in the recognition of facial expressions of anger than the corporal expressions of anger. Children of 6-7 years olds showed enhanced recognition of facial expression of anger than corporal expression of anger. These differences were reversed in children of 8-11 years olds. One may conclude that anger and fear facial expressions recognition is an important indicator of the proper development of children. Emotional learning from 7 years olds, will ensure better emotional regulation, and a beneficial effect on the childs performance in school .Abstract
The ability to recognize emotions is necessary for the normal childs adjustment to the social and educational environment, and to identify disorders including autism, anxiety [...]- 0
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- C. Gonzálvez, C. Inglés, M. Vicent, N. Martín, R. Sanmartín, J. García-FernándezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Anxiety and self-concept are personal variables with a big influence on learning and academic performance. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in school anxiety depending on the scores of the eleven dimensions of self-concept. 1, 414 Chilean students of middle education participated, 695 men and 719 women aged between 13 and 18 years (M = 15.31, SD = 1.45). School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and Self-Description Questionnaire II-Short Form (SDQII-S) were administered to assess the school anxiety and the self-concept, respectively. The results revealed that adolescents with low scores on self-concept had significantly higher scores in school anxiety than their peers with high scores on self-concept. This pattern of results was similar in all dimensions of self-concept with the exception of two, the verbal academic self-concept and the truthfulness-sincerity scale, which statistically significant differences were not obtained.Abstract
Anxiety and self-concept are personal variables with a big influence on learning and academic performance. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in school anxiety [...]- 0
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- M. Villanueva, I. LagunesCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Religious fundamentalism is key to understanding existing discrimination and violence worldwide. Knowing what is behind this psychosocial characteristic can help understand and prevent this type of harmful behavior. The aim of this study was to determine how religious orientation (RO), group identity (Gl), and religiosity predict religious fundamentalism. The sample consisted of 533 residents of México City and the state of Guanajuato (50.3% women, Mean age = 36), that belonged to one of four major Mexican religious ideologies: Catholic (n = 160), Jehovas Witnesses (n = 142), Evangelical Christian (n = 115) and non-religious (n = 116). Four psychological scales were used: 1) Fundamentalism Scale, which consists of two subscales: Orthodoxy and Conservatism, 2) the Religious Orientation Scale, which consists of three subscales: Intrinsic Religious Orientation (IRO), Extrinsic Personal (EPRO), and Extrinsic Social (ORES), 3) Group Identity Scale, which consists of twosubscales: Positive Group Identity (PGI) and Negative Group Identity (NGI), and 4) Religiosity Scale. The regression results revealed that IRO, Religiosity, NGI and ORES were positively related to Orthodoxy. ORI, IGN and Religiosity were positively related to Conservatism. EPRO was negatively related to Conservatism. The results indícate that Religious Orientation, Religiosity, and Group Identity are strong significant predictors of religious fundamentalism.Abstract
Religious fundamentalism is key to understanding existing discrimination and violence worldwide. Knowing what is behind this psychosocial characteristic can help understand [...]- 0
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- I. González-Rivera, D. Paz-Trejo, H. Sánchez-Castillo, Ó. Zamora-ArévaloCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
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- I. González-Rivera, D. Trejo, N. Saavedra, E. Padrón, D. Silva, P. Carrillo, O. Arevalo, C. Castro, H. Sánchez-CastilloCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
This study evaluates amaranth as an alternative to reinforcers which are currently used in experimental laboratories with rodents. We compared some elements such as consumer preference, motivation and reinforcing value of three types of food (two types of pellets and amaranth) through four experiments with free radial maze and free consumption in 11 Wistar rats. The results show that amaranth has a high reinforcing value. Also, there was a preference for amaranth consumption compared with the other two reinforcers. Amaranth is proposed as a good alternative for use as a reinforcer with several advantages such as consumer preference, its reinforcing value, accessibility in the country and that it is cheaper than the usual pellets.Abstract
This study evaluates amaranth as an alternative to reinforcers which are currently used in experimental laboratories with rodents. We compared some elements such as consumer [...]- 0
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- M. Ramírez, R. HernándezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the social support from parents and friends scale (AFA-R). Using a non random sample of students, internal consistency was analyzed and the factor structure of the AFA-R. Internal consistency was adequate (α=.918) and factor analysis corroborated the bi-factor structure, explaining 66.09% of its variance. The correlation between stress and social support was negative and significant (rs =-.337, p=.001) and it is evidence of validity. The results showed adequate psychometric properties of the AFA-R.Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the social support from parents and friends scale (AFA-R). Using a non random sample of students, internal [...]- 0
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- M. Ramírez, R. Hernández, C. RodríguezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Recently, the use and research of social networks have increased, however, to know if people perceived enough social support from their contacts in social networks, adequate questionnaires are required to measure perceived social support received from social networks. Thus, we designed and tested a scale to assess social support through social networks. It was answered by 245 men and 252 women with a mean age of 28.4 years. The scale was designed based on The MOS social support survey (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991 ), starting with 24 items, after analysis of reliability and factor structure an instrument with 15 items was obtained. Its reliability measured by Cronbach’s alpha was of .94 and an acceptable goodness of fit in the confirmatory factor analysis.Abstract
Recently, the use and research of social networks have increased, however, to know if people perceived enough social support from their contacts in social networks, adequate [...]- 0
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- R. Gómez, B. AshdownCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Guatemala has a relatively low ratio of psychologists to the general population (6.89 psychologists per 100, 000 people), which makes it imperative that the therapeutic treatments utilized by psychologists are successful, effective and efficient. The current study explored the effectiveness and efficiency of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on lowering the levels of symptoms of psychological trauma among Guatemalan participants. Seven participants with moderate to grave symptoms underwent three sessions of EMDR therapy with a therapist trained and certified in EMDR techniques. The frequency and intensity of symptoms experienced by the participants decreased significantly after the therapy. Over the same time period, symptoms of trauma did not decrease (or increase) in a control group who did not receive EMDR therapy. These results suggest that EMDR could serve as a short-term, successful type of treatment for therapists to employ with clients who manifest symptoms of psychological trauma.Abstract
Guatemala has a relatively low ratio of psychologists to the general population (6.89 psychologists per 100, 000 people), which makes it imperative that the therapeutic treatments [...]- 0
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- H. Hernández, E. Gómez-Maqueo, C. PatiñoCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
In Mexico in recent years violence has been increased, specific in northern states, but also others crime and violence rates have been increased. The impact of these rates in general population has few records (official or research reports), studies in youth exposed to violence focuses mainly in bullying and dating violence, however in adolescents population practically doesn’t exist community violence records or measures indicated to this problem. This context teenager’s circumstances (exposure to violence and rising crime levels and insecurity) (Pansters and Castillo, 2007, Hope, 2012 ), require instruments to assess this specific phenomenon in youths since the information on the perception (and exposure) of violence and insecurity in the country has increased in the last years, but little is known about young people, then the aim of this study is to obtain the validity and reliability of the Exposure to Insecurity and Violence Questionnaire for Adolescents. Participants were 573 junior and senior high school students (13-19 years, x = 14.89, SD = 1.5, 56% middl 50.08% men) in Mexico City. A forced factor analysis, by 6 factors (KMO = .849, p = .001, 10 iterations) based on previous findings of a qualitative study (Gomez & Lucio, 2013, in press) was conducted. This model explained 39% of variance, which indicates that violence is a multidimensional phenomenon. Reliability was obtained by Cronbach’s alpha with a total value of .92.Abstract
In Mexico in recent years violence has been increased, specific in northern states, but also others crime and violence rates have been increased. The impact of these rates [...]- 0
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- R. WilmaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The early identification of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) allows the implementation of effective therapies, this fact causes the study of the etiology of the disorder and the associated characteristics during infancy and childhood. The data was gathered through a clinical questionnaire of the ADHD for parents. The subjects were ten mothers aged in average 32 years. The results show that the disorder is hereditary and besides, there are risk factors during pregnancy and birth. The associated characteristics of ADHD during infancy and childhood are a level of activity above the average, restless sleep, quiet insistent to ask for something, normal gross motor development, poor fine motor coordination, greater risk of accidental injury, slightly premature development of language, fair academic progress, repetition of a grade, involvement in special education programs, difficulty in keeping friends and poor rule-governed behavior.Abstract
The early identification of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) allows the implementation of effective therapies, this fact causes the study of the etiology [...]- 0
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- A. García-Saisó, P. Ortega-Andeane, I. Reyes-LagunesCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The objective of this research was to generate a standardized that assessed organization social climate in Mexican population. Was used The Work Environmental Scale, Spanish version (Moos, 2008 ), to be adapted. The scale include 90 items, with six options for answers. The scale was applied to 490 Mexican employees in order to obtain its psychometrical validation. The distribution was as follow: age between 18 and 66, 261 women and 229 men, diverse school levels. A proper analysis took place in order to learn about the ítems discriminative power, reliability and valid factorial structure for the Mexican worker population. The final scale was conformed by 18 items organized by three factors and one indicator as follow: 1) work environment, 2) physical aspects of the work place, 3) organization rules and regulations and 4) the change indicator.Abstract
The objective of this research was to generate a standardized that assessed organization social climate in Mexican population. Was used The Work Environmental Scale, Spanish [...]- 0
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- C. LiriosCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Criminal behavior is a term that refers to the violence generated in a cultural, economic, political or social environment that is embodied in the dynamics of groups to diversify in their indicators. In this sense, the state of knowledge has built explanatory models of violence in order to differentiate the causes and effects. The aim of this study was to specify a model for the study of criminal behavior as a result of the spiral and dynamics of violence in the group where the perpetrator operates, the victim, spectators and the inquisitors. Conducted a desk study with selected sources indexed datábase during the period 2009 to 2014. The findings reported in the literature review warn that criminal behavior is the solé responsibility of the perpetrator, although the revised models show the victim, spectators and the inquisitors would stewards. Thus, the discussion was made considering the contributions of experts and the conceptual framework.Abstract
Criminal behavior is a term that refers to the violence generated in a cultural, economic, political or social environment that is embodied in the dynamics of groups to diversify [...]- 0
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- V. Aurrecoechea, S. Kuri, A. Alcaráz, M. CáceresCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
With the objective to identify, among 317 municipalities and delegations of the country, those requiring with higher priority drug abuse prevention and treatment services, it was made a cross-sectional study, based on the Delphi method, which is a structured methodology to systematically collect expert opinions on an issue, so that the individual assessments are transformed to produce a collective judgment on the subject that was carried out, and apply a weight to the variables under study. In this case we had a panel of 55 experts, whose assessed the risk level of 33 updated demographic, health, economic, education, housing, geographic, touristic, socio-familiar, drug trafficking and use of illegal drugs. The studied variables were: Proportion of urban concentration, average growth rate, average age, proportion of male population, international migration rate, Proportion of health services, Homes with water and electricity, Drawnig housing service, Internet housing service, Overcrowding level, Income level, Food poverty, Capability poverty, Patrimony poverty, Persons of 3 years and older who do not attend school, Persons aged 12 and over who do not attend school, school level, location on the northern border, are part of large metropolis, inflow of national and international tourism, proportion of early pregnancy, people who practice some religion, be located on routes of trafficking marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine and / or heroin, prevalence of drug use among young people, prevalence of cocaine and marijuana use, the perception of increased drug use, and the proportion of the population that has been offered drugs for free. The results showed that of the 371 municipalities and delegations with 50, 000 inhabitants or more considered for this study, 85 of them were part of large metropolis with more than a million people, 73 were tourist spots and 73.5% of the localities made urban concentrations. Were identified 59 municipalities and delegations with a high or very high macro-social risk level and 105 municipalities and delegations with a medium-high macro-social risk level, requiring with highest priority services of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of drug abuse problems.Abstract
With the objective to identify, among 317 municipalities and delegations of the country, those requiring with higher priority drug abuse prevention and treatment services, [...]- 0
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- B. Damásio, S. Koller, T. SchnellCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
This study presents the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe-BR). Participants were 3.034 subjects (63.9% women), ranging in age from 18 to 91 years. Reliability analysis, parallel analysis (PA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were employed to evaluate the structure and reliability of the SoMe-BR. Through PA and ESEM, a five-dimension structure for the 26 sources of meaning was achieved. CFAs supported meaningfulness and crisis of meaning as two distinct constructs. Convergent validity within the SoMe-BR and between the SoMe-BR and other scales were also achieved. Regarding the SoMe scores and sociodemographic variables, significant main effects were found for gender, age groups and marital status. Our results corroborate the international literature, which claims in favor of the SoMe as a reliable measure to evaluate meaning in life contents in different cultural contexts.Abstract
This study presents the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe-BR). Participants were 3.034 subjects [...]- 0
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- D. Negrete, S. MontijoCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether dyadic configuration fraternal closeness by gender and role (brother/sister older/younger) predicts condom use or if it´s a mediating role in parental variables associated with frequency of condom use. 592 university students participated elected a non-probability sampling (43.8% men and 56.3% women). Assessed sexual communication with parents, parenting styles, fraternal closeness and frequency of condom use in the last six months. Women with an older sister frequently used condoms unlike men. The fraternal closeness with younger brother in women (β-) and closeness to the younger sister in males are predictors of condom use. Parental variables were set as predictors of fraternal closeness but not condom use. Discuss the importance of including in the analysis of sexual behavior protected fraternal group in relation to parental variables in order to have a different interpretation on how the family (parents-siblings) influences sexual behavior.Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether dyadic configuration fraternal closeness by gender and role (brother/sister older/younger) predicts condom use or if it´s [...]- 0
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- A. Eller, E. Martínez, J. López, P. Granados, C. Pérez, P. GonzálezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Social dominance orientation/theory (SDO) explains the extent to which individuals accept or reject ideologies that legitimize hierarchies and discrimination or equality and social justice. Numerous studies have shown that SDO predicts a wide range of political, ideological, and intergroup phenomena, particularly in relation to negativity towards minorities and outgroups. The aims of the present study were to apply the SDO scale in a Mexican context, examine differences in SDO according to sex, age group, and social class, and investigate whether an orientation towards social dominance would be detectable not only on an abstract level but a concrete level, that of approving inter-class discrimination. We predicted that (1)SDO would be higher in men than women, older than younger participants, and upper rather than lower social classes, (2)that approval of discrimination would be determined by SDO and social class, and (3) that SDO would correlate with approval of discrimination. Participants were N=150 members of the public in Mexico City, with a mean age of 35.3 years (range: 18-74) and from areas of different social classes. Participants completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires on the street. We measured demographics (sex, age, place of residence), a 16-item SDO scale (e.g., “Some people are just more deserving than others”) with a Cronbach’s alpha of .83, and three instances of discriminatory behavior on the part of upper-class members towards lower-class members, alpha=.90, e.g.: “The behavior of the ‘Ladies of Polanco’ insulting a police officer is justified”. All items were measured on 5-point Likert-type scales, from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. Results were generally in line with the hypotheses. A three-way ANOVA on social dominance showed significant effects of sex and place of residence, but not age group nor significant interactions. Men scored significantly higher than women on social dominance, providing evidence for the “invariance hypothesis”. Unexpectedly, lower-class participants showed highest levels of SDO, followed by middle-class and upper-class participants. A two-way ANOVA on approval of discrimination showed significant effects of place of residence and SDO and a significant interaction. Middle-class participants showed significantly higher levels of approval of discrimination than the other two classes. SDO correlated with approval of discrimination. Unexpected effects might be due to differential levels of education among social classes and/or to social mobility. The present study is the first investigation of SDO in Mexico and shows the link between an abstract orientation towards social hierarchies and approval of class-based discrimination in everyday life.Abstract
Social dominance orientation/theory (SDO) explains the extent to which individuals accept or reject ideologies that legitimize hierarchies and discrimination or equality and [...]- 0
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- C. Pimentel, T. Nascimento, J. Noriega, G. MouraCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The abuse of alcohol beverages is considered a public health problem worldwide. Several researchers have been addressing this problem and one of the best ways to know it is by surveying attitudes. The attitudes toward alcohol use are consistent predictors of alcohol use, but the intended use may mediate these relations. With this goal in question, we sought to test this mediation model: attitudes toward alcohol use → alcohol use’s intention → alcohol use. A total of 220 students participated in the study of public and private high schools of the Federal District, Brazil, equally distributed by gender, with ages ranging from 12 to 42 years, the majority of young people. It is shown correlations between measures of attitudes toward alcohol use, intended use and use and is further corroborated the model of partial mediation. These results are compared with previous research and suggestions in advance to the prediction of alcohol use by the attitudes.Abstract
The abuse of alcohol beverages is considered a public health problem worldwide. Several researchers have been addressing this problem and one of the best ways to know it is [...]- 0
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- A. Earl, C. Nisson, D. AlbarracínCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Health communications are only effective if target audiences actually receive the messages. One potential barrier to effective health communication is the potential stigma of attending to health information, particularly for stigmatizing health issues. The purpose of the present paper was to examine when participants report self-conscious emotions (e.g., shame, embarrassment) in response to health communications, as well as likelihood of reading health information associated with these emotions. Across three studies, participants read information about preventing diseases that are either highly stigmatized or non-stigmatized. Increased accessibility of stigma cues by (a) manipulating the perceived absence vs. presence of others, or (b) measuring lower vs. higher rejection sensitivity resulted in increased self-conscious emotions in response to information about stigmatized health issues. In addition, stigma cues decreased the likelihood of reading information about stigmatized (but not non-stigmatized) health information. Implications for health outcomes and intervention design are discussed.Abstract
Health communications are only effective if target audiences actually receive the messages. One potential barrier to effective health communication is the potential stigma [...]- 0
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- N. Koh, M. Covarrubias, V. Alpuche, D. LoriaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The organizations must provide a safety climate, this refers to the perceptions shared on politics, procedures and safety practices of the organization. The target of this study is to provide a quantitative vision on the perception of the factors of risk that the public transport operators possess in relation to the safety climate. This study was realized in the field of public transport, which refers to “an integral system of means of transport of widespread use, capable of giving solution to the needs for displacements of the persons”. The transport as human mobility is an essential aspect for the society, for this there is needed a system of healthy and sure transport that agrees with the lineaments that ask for the laws. 54 Operators informed transport of masculine sex of the city of Merida, Yucatan, to which there him were applied two instruments, “Perception of Risk” (Aguilar, 2013) and “safety Climate” (Meliá, 1999), the ages were fluctuating between the 26 to 66 years. There was realized the statistical test of the interrelation of Pearson because this one claims to know the association and relation between two variables, in addition to knowing the index of reliability and validity of the measuring devices used in the investigation. With the obtained results it is possible to observe that differences do not exist as per statistics significant between the safety climate and the perception of risk. Nevertheless, it was possible to find other variables that are excellent on having evaluated the perception I water, in this study one found that at major age, the major one exists in the risk perception on the part of the operators of transport public. It is necessary to emphasize that a limitation was the number of participants, for it, a suggestion for future investigations, it is to increase the number of participants, because it would be a more representative sample on this problems.Abstract
The organizations must provide a safety climate, this refers to the perceptions shared on politics, procedures and safety practices of the organization. The target of this [...]- 0
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- M. Guedea, A. García, M. SanderCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Objective: to explore the perception of social support as a mediator of the influence from a problematic family context on the well-being of family caregivers of functionally dependent older adults. Method: a non-probabilistic sample of 464 family caregivers participated by answering a psychometric instrument that was previously validated for the population of reference. Results: a series of confirmatory factor analyses indicated the fit of observed variables to represent the constructs of subjective well-being, perception of social support and problematic family context. The case of caregivers who live with the dependent older adult, where the influence of the stressing family context on the caregiver’s well-being is mediated by the caregiver’s perception of social support was identified as the model with better fit after the review of four different models. Conclusions: this paper agrees with the buffer effect of social support documented in scientific literature, it also provides data to enrich the knowledge about the family and social circumstances associated to the Mexican family caregivers.Abstract
Objective: to explore the perception of social support as a mediator of the influence from a problematic family context on the well-being of family caregivers of functionally [...]- 0
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- D. Negrete, J. Hernández, S. Kuri, C. CáceresCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial correlates of harmful alcohol use among young Mexican students, and to comparatively prove the predictive validity of three theoretical models, each one capable to support the research of the problem and to guide the design of theoretically and empirically grounded preventive and treatment programs: a) the alcohol expectancies theory, b) the social learning theory by R. Akers, and c) the planned behavior theory. Findings indícate that these three models are appropriate predictive models for harmful alcohol use in the studied group. The highest predictive weight belongs to positive expectancies associated to the effects of alcohol, followed by alcohol use among friends, low risk perception, and self-control of alcohol drinking as a protective factor. Findings suggest the convenience of the application of a composed multi-varied algorithm, integrated by factors and variables extracted from the three models.Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial correlates of harmful alcohol use among young Mexican students, and to comparatively prove the predictive validity of three [...]- 0
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- C. Castillo, A. Romero, F. Gil-BernalCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe indicators of sexual desire, sexual impulsivity and auto-eroticism in 402 women aged between 17 and 35 years living in Mexico City. Positive relationships were found between the factors sexual self-efficacy and four of the six factors of sexual desire (‘attraction’, ‘excitement’, ‘romance’ and ‘sexual surrender’) and only one negative relationship between ‘self-efficacy’ and ‘sexual guilt’. ‘Sexual impulsivity’ correlated positively with sexual guilt. ‘Autoerotic desire’ correlated negatively with the factors ‘self-efficacy’ and ‘sexual guilt’. Some significant differences were found between age groups and between those classified as being or not sexually active. The group of elder women and of those who had already started their sexual life obtained the highest averages in the factors ‘sexual surrender’ and ‘excitement’.Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe indicators of sexual desire, sexual impulsivity and auto-eroticism in 402 women aged between 17 and 35 years living in Mexico City. [...]- 0
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- C. TorresCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
We need to believe that we live in a just world, to live unfair events threat that belief and generates negative emotions identified as relative deprivation (Lerner, 1980, Lerner, 2003). These emotions motívate us to defend our belief in just world and nine strategies have been identified for that. This project aims to measure six of them and analyze their palliative function in front of relative deprivation. 337 University students participated. They read a vignette telling about a student demonstration after being rejected from University, then answered a measure of negative emotions generated for the vignette. The instrument of belief in a just world shows five dimensions consistent with the six strategies. The correlations between times participants were rejected from university and negative emotions generated by the vignette are positive but low in the total sample. Dividing the sample into high and low on strategies, correlations are greater in the group of low scores and there are not significant correlations in the group with high scores, confirming its palliative function in front of relative deprivation. Utility of model strategies are discussed with respect to the unidimensional and the implications of its palliative function relationships between groups of different status.Abstract
We need to believe that we live in a just world, to live unfair events threat that belief and generates negative emotions identified as relative deprivation (Lerner, 1980, [...]- 0
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- L. Martínez, S. Aragón, R. Bertha, E. RuízCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Personality research have attempted to identify the existence of universal traits, ethnopsychological research has sought to identify the typical qualities of Mexicans, but without reaching agreement or what relationship they have with the general models of personality like the Five Factor Model. This research aims to identify and describe the personality traits of the Mexicans and Diaz Guerrero (1997) proposal about Mexican Types of Personality. We conducted two studies that explored the qualities and traits that people used to describe themselves, yielding 57 features. The scale orders in 11 factors, after than a second order factor analysis was performed to check if that grouped in types, confirming three personality types similar to the ethnopsychological postulates and the Five Factor Model.Abstract
Personality research have attempted to identify the existence of universal traits, ethnopsychological research has sought to identify the typical qualities of Mexicans, but [...]- 0
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- R. CoxCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
This study explored how peer deviant behavior and peer drug use differentially mediated the paths from unsupportive parenting to youth externalizing behavior and both the probability and extent of current drug use in a sample of Venezuelan youth. Models were further extended to test for group differences by gender and age. Results suggested that peer influences are domain specific among Venezuelan youth. That is, deviant peer behavior mediated the path from unsupportive parenting to youth externalizing behaviors, and peer drug use mediated the path to the drug use outcome. Mediation effects were partial, suggesting that parenting influenced the outcomes beyond its impact on affiliations with negative peers. Notable exceptions to the models were found when moderated by either gender or age. Implications for the development of screening tools and for formulating intervention programs targeting this age group are discussed.Abstract
This study explored how peer deviant behavior and peer drug use differentially mediated the paths from unsupportive parenting to youth externalizing behavior and both the [...]- 0
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- P. ChaseCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
A technology for evaluating computer-based distance education curricula for children and people working with children is described. The technology originated from a model of evaluation described by Markle (1967). The components were elaborated through data-based decisions reported in technical reports for a reading acquisition program, two math programs, a curriculum for people with autism, and a professional development program for clinicians working with children and adolescents. The article integrates single-case and group evaluation strategies, and draws attention to the need for better data in evidence-based decisions, and the use of data in continuous improvement efforts. Details concerning the individual learner at the developmental level of evaluation are emphasized, including an illustration of an e-learning rubric assisting this level of evaluation.Abstract
A technology for evaluating computer-based distance education curricula for children and people working with children is described. The technology originated from a model [...]- 0
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- E. Silva, C. Benjet, F. García, S. Cárdenas, M. Gómez-Maqueo, A. CruzCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
This research evaluates the psychometric properties of the Spanish language adaptation of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (Klonsky and Glenn, 2009). This scale assesses the motivations or functions that people with non-suicidal self-injuries report for engaging in self-injurious behaviors. The inventory was administered to a sample of 435 male and female university students with a lifetime history of non-suicidal self-injuries. A confirmatory factor analysis detected 7 interpretable factors (self-regulation, revenge, sensation seeking/toughness, avoiding suicide, marking distress, self-determination and numbness), 5 more than the original instrument. The scale had adequate internal consistency with a Cronbachs alpha of 0.89 and Cronbachs alphas of 0.72 to 0.82 for each factor. Positive correlations between the scale and measures of depression, anxiety and impulsivity suggest the convergent validity of the scale. Overall, the scale presents acceptable psychometric properties for the measurement of non-suicidal self-injuries in a Mexican university population.Abstract
This research evaluates the psychometric properties of the Spanish language adaptation of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (Klonsky and Glenn, 2009). This scale [...]- 0
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- R. Carroll, C. PeterCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Although behavioral interventions are powerful tools for parents and teachers, they are unlikely to result in lasting change if the intervention agents find them unacceptable. After developing effective behavior intervention plans for classroom use, we compared social validity of those interventions using three measures: concurrent-chains selections from the intervention consumer (students), verbal report of the intervention agent (teachers), and maintenance of the intervention over time. All three measures of social validity identified an intervention that was acceptable to the intervention consumer and intervention delivery agent. These findings are discussed in terms of applied implications for assessing social validity.Abstract
Although behavioral interventions are powerful tools for parents and teachers, they are unlikely to result in lasting change if the intervention agents find them unacceptable. [...]- 0
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- N. Rivera, I. LagunesCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem in Mexico and worldwide. The study of food preferences in young children can help prevent selection of unhealthy food, which in recent years has increased. The goal of the study was to explore the food preferences of a sample of preschoolers and to determine whether they were able to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy food. We sampled 127 preschoolers between 3 and 6 years of age (M = 5.0, SD = .69). Participants were asked to classify 88 types of food into 11 categories. They were also asked to indicate the types of food that they like and that are healthy and unhealthy. Participants indicated that they preferred the sugars (candy, ice cream) and fruits (apples, melon) groups and disliked vegetables. They identified fruits and vegetables as healthy and sugars and fats as unhealthy food.Abstract
Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem in Mexico and worldwide. The study of food preferences in young children can help prevent selection of unhealthy food, [...]- 0
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- N. CallejaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Bullying and the start using tobacco are behaviors that happen in the school context with severe consequences for the adolescent development. For the purpose of evaluating the association between these behaviors, both were evaluated in a sample of 266 middle-school students. The results showed significant correlations between bullying-aggression and smoking susceptibility, experimentation with tobacco and present smoking. Furthermore, students categorized as aggressors or aggressor/victims obtained higher scores in smoking behavior variables than those not involved with bullying. A relationship between bullying-victimization and tobacco was not found. Boys obtained higher scores in direct bullying-aggression, girls scored higher in social victimization, there was no difference between male and female students in smoking behavior. The psychometric analysis of the Inventario de Bullying para Adolescentes, adapted from Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument, is presented in this document. Findings are discussed in syndrome of problem behavior context and their implications are analyzed with the purpose of preventive programs implementation.Abstract
Bullying and the start using tobacco are behaviors that happen in the school context with severe consequences for the adolescent development. For the purpose of evaluating [...]- 0
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- C. Cahill, R. GreerCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
In three experiments we investigated the relation between observing responses and incidental language acquisition by children ages 3 to 5 with and without disabilities. In Experiment I, participants heard the name of an object while observing an accompanying action with the object. The participants consistently acquired the actions associated with the objects, but learned few names. Experiment II compare responses to stimuli presented with and without actions, with the results indicating that the presence of an action hindered rather than facilitated incidental acquisition of names. In Experiment III, we selected participants who acquired listener responses when actions were present, but did not readily acquire the speaker responses. Following a multiple exemplar intervention, participants acquired both speaker and listener responses along with the action responses for novel stimuli. The findings suggest that when children are provided with a specific instructional history, they can acquire multiple benefits from a single language exposure experience.Abstract
In three experiments we investigated the relation between observing responses and incidental language acquisition by children ages 3 to 5 with and without disabilities. In [...]- 0
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- B. Byiers, A. Dimian, J. McComas, F. SymonsCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Functional analysis (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994) is a robust approach to identifying function-based interventions for problem behavior, including self-injury, aggression, and destruction. Such interventions, however, may be difficult for untrained caregivers to implement with fidelity in natural environments. Further research is needed to identify simple antecedent strategies for promoting appropriate behavior among children with significant problem behavior. The purpose of the current study was to utilize a concurrent schedules arrangement to identify conditions under which two children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental delays who engaged in problem behaviors would choose to complete academic tasks to earn access to preferred items. In both cases, problem behaviors were shown to be sensitive to reinforcement in the forms of escape from task demands and access to preferred items. A concurrent operant arrangement in which the participants could choose to complete work tasks to earn access to preferred activities, or to take a break without demands or preferred items, was implemented. The schedule requirements in the demand component were systematically increased across opportunities, while the amount and type of reinforcement was kept constant. The results show, at the lowest levels of task demands, both participants allocated more opportunities to the work option. At higher levels, however, both participants allocated a majority of their choices to the break option. Despite the absence of preferred items in the break component, no instances of problem behavior were observed following selection of the break option. This indicates that this type of analysis could be used to identify conditions for compliance among individuals who engage in escape- or multiply-maintained problem behaviors, without the need to provoke or reinforce problem behavior. Limitations of the current study and recommendations for future research are discussed.Abstract
Functional analysis (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994) is a robust approach to identifying function-based interventions for problem behavior, including [...]- 0
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- C. Brown, J. Gibbons, H. HughesCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine if acculturation variables from different acculturation domains form empirically extracted acculturation clusters [based on Berry’s (1997) model], and if the clusters are related to the life satisfaction of first and second generation immigrant college students. One hundred twenty-two students attending a university in the Midwestern USA (70% female), representing more than 20 countries of origin, completed an online questionnaire. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method and a k-means analysis revealed four acculturation clusters that were labeled (1) Bicultural Attitudes, (2) Bicultural Practices & Heritage Identity, (3) U.S. Practices, and (4) Heritage Practices. Participants in the two clusters most closely resembling Berry’s (1997) acculturation category of integration (i.e., Bicultural Attitudes, and Bicultural Practices & Heritage Identity) reported significantly higher life satisfaction than participants in the cluster most closely resembling Berry’s (1997) acculturation category of separation (i.e., Heritage Practices). The findings of the present study lend additional support to the use of clustering methods as a way of including multiple domains of acculturation, thereby gaining a more comprehensive understanding of acculturation and its connection with psychosocial adjustment. The results also reinforce prior research findings that integration, or biculturalism, is an adaptive acculturation strategy.Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine if acculturation variables from different acculturation domains form empirically extracted acculturation clusters [based on Berry’s [...]- 0
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- M. Beramendi, G. Delfino, E. ZubietaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The institutions are responsible to promote, regulate and guarantee the coordinated social action among citizens. For decades the institutional trust has been declining. This creates a major problem because institutional trust is necessary for the institutions development. Among the negative consequences that it brings, it is found that the low institutional trust is associated with low general social trust. Because of that, people feel insecure in their relationships with others and have pessimistic thoughts about the reliability of strangers, which affects social cohesion, cooperation, collective connection and tolerance between citizens, among other things. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between social trust and institutional confidence in the Argentinean context, confidence levels, and the relationship between institutional trust and effectiveness. For these purposes, a self- administered questionnaire was designed and applied to 316 college students from four public and private universities in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The results indicate that participants have a low institutional and general social trust, there is a relationship between institutional trust and general social trust, and finally, that institutional confidence is influenced by the perception of institutions effectiveness. Despite this rather optimistic scenario, these results may help to identify the areas to start working out the problems of low levels of institutional and social trust. If the social confidence of Argentineans is greater than institutional trust, it should be strengthened these social ties as it will allow to improve social cohesion and participation, and believe that working together can improve and change the proper functioning of institutions. From this point, It is possible gradually increase the number of people as social networks. Also, as results shows from this research and previous ones, the Education in Argentina is an institution in which you trust, and it would be feasible to start and/or strengthen the process of change in educative centers. Although it is not an easy task, it is necessary for society to live better and more equitably.Abstract
The institutions are responsible to promote, regulate and guarantee the coordinated social action among citizens. For decades the institutional trust has been declining. This [...]- 0
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- M. Medina-Gómez, M. García-Alonso, V. CernudaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
In this study, psychometric properties of scale ABS-RC:2 in a Spanish context are analyzed. This scale assesses adaptive behavior in adults with intellectual disabilities to determine their diagnosis, classification and supportive needs. The scale was applied to 198 Spanish with intellectual disabilities between the ages of 18-69 (M=41, 8 DE=11, 7). First, the internal consistency was analyzed by Cronbachs Alpha. Pearsons correlation to obtain test-raters indexes, inter-raters, the criterion validity and items intercorrelation. Then, the factor analysis was performed extracting components and making with Varimax rotation method. Results show a suitable validity and reliability. The scale domains are solid and the five-factors structure looks like the original versión. The adaptation seems to fit perfectly to assess the adaptive behavior and to establish necessary supports.Abstract
In this study, psychometric properties of scale ABS-RC:2 in a Spanish context are analyzed. This scale assesses adaptive behavior in adults with intellectual disabilities [...]- 0
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- S. Gaona, S. Montijo, R. Diaz-LovingCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to identify the predictors of intention to use condoms in sexually inexperienced adolescents, and to know the role of parents in these variables. Information was obtained from 290 students and their parents (n = 290) using a self-report instrument. The results showed that young people have greater intention to use condoms when they perceive able to use it (self-efficacy). The parents had an influence on mediating variables of self-efficacy through their knowledge of condom use, stereotypes to the sexual health care, positive expectations of communication and through communication they have with their children about sex. The results of this research are discussed considering the importance of self-report measures of both parents and their children and their impact on the development of their relationship. The authors emphasize the role of parents in precursor variables protected sexual behavior of their children and discusses the implications of this study in intervention programs aimed at preventing sexual health problems in young sexually inexperienced.Abstract
The purposes of this study were to identify the predictors of intention to use condoms in sexually inexperienced adolescents, and to know the role of parents in these variables. [...]- 0
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- C. Hurtarte, R. Aragón, R. LovingCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The literature determines that the culture establishes beliefs, roles and appropriate behaviors within close-relationship which help on the permanence of the relationship and the marital satisfaction by means of maintenances strategies. These strategies have been studied from a gender role perspective however, the effect that they have over maintenance strategies is not enough to explain them, therefore it is necessary to include others cultural elements that reflect the beliefs of close-relationships, as cultural premises. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of cultural premises and gender roles have over maintenance strategies and marital satisfaction in 200 people of Mexico City. Through multiple regressions analysis, the results reveal that the influence of premises has over marital satisfaction is different in men and women, in the women are the premises of passion while men are commitment. These results suggest re-evaluating the importance and function that the sexuality has on maintenance strategies and marital satisfaction.Abstract
The literature determines that the culture establishes beliefs, roles and appropriate behaviors within close-relationship which help on the permanence of the relationship [...]- 0
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- R. Abeldaño, V. Gallo, M. Burrone, A. FernándezCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
To determine internalized stigma in people who use psychoactive substances and are under rehabilitation treatment in the city of Cordoba. The study was descriptive in 87 inpatients over 18 years, who are under rehabilitation treatment for psychoactive substance use. The instrument was the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness previously adapted. In the sample, there were identified scores that indicate moderate to severe internalized stigma in 17 of the 29 items of the total scale. Also, it was observed higher stigma indicators in patients who reported consuming only alcohol, than patients who reported multiple substances consumption. Internalized stigma is a common problem among people who use psychoactive substances, moreover, stigma can be more severe in people who consume only alcohol, than people who consume alcohol in combination with other substances.Abstract
To determine internalized stigma in people who use psychoactive substances and are under rehabilitation treatment in the city of Cordoba. The study was descriptive in 87 inpatients [...]- 0
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- M. Lezama, I. LagunesCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Sense of community is a subject rounded by a lot of discussions about. Nowadays, lifestyles, consumption practices and cultural changes in global cities make difficult to define sense of community. Traditional notions seem not to agree with peoples perceptions and ways of connect with each other in the city. It is necessary to review theoretical framework, to conduct exploratory studies and to propose assessment scales in order to understand and explain the nature of the communities in contemporary cities. Hiernaux (2001) and Krause (2001) propose to reconsider community and sense of community notions and redefine it in an operational and useful way. A minimal structure for sense of community has been defined by Krause (2001) which includes belonging, interconnection and common culture. Considering Krauses proposal and results of a previous exploratory study in Mexico City a Likert scale was developed. The main purpose is to contribute to evaluation of sense of community in the city. The original 39 items scale was applied to a sample of 202 Mexico Citys in habitants to obtain its psychometrical validation, 50% were woman and 50% were men from 143 different neighborhoods. A proper analysis took place to learn about items discriminative power, reliability and valid factorial structure. Subsequently a Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted to verify if the structure obtained from the Principal Component Analysis was correct, and a good fit was achieved (df = 26, x2 = 37.57, p = .066, CFI = .981, RMSEA = .045), the sample for the confirmatory factor analysis was of 218 Mexico Citys inhabitants, 50% were woman and 50% were men from 90 different neighborhoods. Final scale is constitute for 9 items structured in a single factor with a reliability index of α= .85. Neighborhoods sense of community scale is a brief, with criteria validity and culturally outstanding scale.Abstract
Sense of community is a subject rounded by a lot of discussions about. Nowadays, lifestyles, consumption practices and cultural changes in global cities make difficult to [...]- 0
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- J. Ruiz, J. López, J. Espinoza, F. Gaxiola, R. Robles, A. Kasparane, J. PuenteCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
This article deals with family issues, its relationship between the migration of parents and the adolescents’ desire to migrate or not in the rural community of San Mateo Ozolco in state of Puebla, Mexico. Research began with an exploratory study, through interviews with 10 key informants, the Family Problems Instrument was applied to 121 middle and high school students. The population was divided for further detail, considering the intentions to migrate or not, allowing a differentiation between families and their relationship to family problems. Also, the population was divided into children of migrant and non migrant parents to see their correspondence with family problems. The results indicate that the Family Negative interaction and the Family Aggression are influencing the migration decision of adolescents.Abstract
This article deals with family issues, its relationship between the migration of parents and the adolescents’ desire to migrate or not in the rural community of San Mateo [...]- 0
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- J. Álvarez, N. Call, J. MeversCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
Functional assessment, and function-based treatments, are the gold standard for the treatment of problem behavior. Historically, these assessment and treatment evaluations have been conducted in austere clinical settings to increase internal validity. While prioritizing internal validity is critical in the initial stages of a treatment evaluation, if there is not an eventual shift to prioritizing the external or social validity of the treatment it may inevitably fail in the natural environment. The purpose of this case example is to outline a socially valid approach to the assessment and treatment of problem behavior that ensures individuals’ and their families’ lives benefit in meaningful ways. More specifically, this case-example will outline a method of prioritizing social validity to identify treatment goals, conduct functional analysis, evaluate and generalize treatment, and implement caregiver training.Abstract
Functional assessment, and function-based treatments, are the gold standard for the treatment of problem behavior. Historically, these assessment and treatment evaluations [...]- 0
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- D. Albarracín, K. Wilson, M. Durantini, W. LivingoodCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
To test when intentional decisions enhance retention in health-promotion interventions, we analyzed the rate of return of 278 clients of HIV-prevention counseling at a state health department in Florida. Specifically, the role of intentions as a facilitator of returns was analyzed as a function of busyness (more children and work hours), while demographic and health factors that also influenced returns were controlled for. Consistent with the notion that actions depend on ability, intentions predicted the behavior of the less busy participants but failed to facilitate retention when participants were occupied with children and work. These findings suggest the efficacy of different retention strategies –one emphasizing explicit intention formation, and the other either attracting clients to counseling on the spot or using more ubiquitous technologies.Abstract
To test when intentional decisions enhance retention in health-promotion interventions, we analyzed the rate of return of 278 clients of HIV-prevention counseling at a state [...]- 0
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- M. Agredano, A. Valencia, L. LoyoCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
To correlate clinical, social, demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms with suicide risk among parents of patients with neuromuscular diseases in rehabilitation. The study design was prospective, transversal and analytic the study was conducted on parents of children with neuromuscular diseases (NMD), from the Teletón Childrens rehabilitation centre of Western Mexico (Centro de Rehabilitación Teletón de Occidente), through the use of individual validated standardised tests, Becks depression inventory and Plutchiks suicide risk scale. Correlation was measured between suicide risk, depressive symptoms and clinical, social-demographic characteristics. The informed consent was obtained from all participants 54 parents were evaluated, 52 (96%) were mothers, average age 43.43 ±8.2 (20 to 58). The average age of children was 16.61 ±5.6 (8 to 27). 24% of parents showed depression, 15% of participants showed suicidal risk. Social or demographic factors were not correlated with suicide risk. Neither, the clinical characteristics of the patients with neuromuscular diseases were correlated to suicide risk in participants. There was direct correlation of depressive symptoms with suicide risk (r = 0.86, r2 = 0.73). Multivariate analysis only revealed significant data on indecision (rm=18.48), feelings of guilt (rm=11.44), pessimism (rm=11.38), loss of interest in sex (rm=8.4) and active suicide ideation (rm=14.04). The suicide risk in the parents of children with NMD are correlated with depressive symptoms, mainly, indecision, feelings of guilt, pessimism and suicide ideation. Based on results, the parents of children with NMD must be involved in prevention strategies for depression symptoms and suicide behavior.Abstract
To correlate clinical, social, demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms with suicide risk among parents of patients with neuromuscular diseases in rehabilitation. [...]- 0
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- R. AlarcónCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
He communicates the construction of a scale to measure the gratitude, starting from an operational definition of the theoretical construct, developed by the author. The scale is integrated by 18 items of type Likert, with five answer alternatives. It was administered to a sample of 675 men and women, from 18 to 60 years old. The reliability was determined by analysis item-test, there were significant correlations (mean from r = 57.27). The scale of gratitude present high internal consistency (Coeficient Alpha of Cronbach = 90, for standardized item= .91: Coefficient of Spearman-Brown, same longitudes =.869, and Two halves of Guttman = .87). The validity of construct was determined by Factor Analysis and the Principal Components Analysis, and Orthogonally Rotation (Varimax). Three factors were extracted, with high saturations that vary from .44 to .78. This analysis has allowed to observe the complex internal structure of gratitude.Abstract
He communicates the construction of a scale to measure the gratitude, starting from an operational definition of the theoretical construct, developed by the author. The scale [...]- 0
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- J. Aguilar, D. González, A. AguilarCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The main purpose of this research was to develop and test a structural model of intrinsic motivation among students of the University of Sonora to the curriculum of their careers. A secondary objective was to overcome the limitations of the model developed among students of the UNAM. Eight psychometric scales developed by the authors in previous studies were used, which showed satisfactory reliability and validity values. The model tested was similar to the sample of the UNAM, except for the absence of school perception and value variables, which showed no significant low correlations with most of the variables. The model fit was satisfactory as suggested by the values of various indexes. The proportion of variance explained by intrinsic motivation was relatively high (0.498). The 3 variables with the greatest direct impact on intrinsic motivation were self-efficacy, achievement orientation and certainty in career choice. Procrastination, so common in classrooms, negatively affects the self-efficacy, the achievement orientation and intrinsic motivation, and in turn, is reinforced by the work avoidance and fear of failure.Abstract
The main purpose of this research was to develop and test a structural model of intrinsic motivation among students of the University of Sonora to the curriculum of their [...]- 0
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- J. Aguilar, A. AguilarCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the construct Validity of the Scale of Parental Authority for Mexican Adolescents developed by Aguilar, Valencia and Romero (2004), based on operationalization of attitudes and behaviors characteristic of parenting styles according Buri approach (1991) . An exploratory factor analysis with orthogonal rotation, suggested the existence of four parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful. The confirmatory factor analysis sustained a four-factor model, as one of three, since various fit indices were satisfactory, but in the first model, the permissive factor presented an unsatisfactory reliability coefficient. In both models, all structural coefficients were significant, supporting the convergent validity of the different scales, while low or negative values of the covariance between the factors indicate discriminant validity. In addition, structural regression analysis showed significant impacts of authoritative and neglectful styles on work avoidance, self-esteem and depression.Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the construct Validity of the Scale of Parental Authority for Mexican Adolescents developed by Aguilar, Valencia and [...]- 0
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- T. Canales, A. EspinosaCollection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a theoretical model about the components of the Impression Management (IM), and the predictive value of this psychological construct on the individual well-being, in two Latin American contexts: Mexico and Nicaragua. These findings showed that the variables of autonomy, assertiveness, locus of control, need for social approval (negative dimension), are highly significant predictor of IM. Also, the variables of need for social approval (positive dimension) and emotional suppression, were positively associated with IM, but with lower scores. Furthermore, it showed the significant and positive influence of IM on well-being, finding negative regression weights between IM with anxiety and depression, and positive with satisfaction with life. These results provide support to the theoretical postures which refer IM as a positive and essential psychological element for healthy adaptation.Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a theoretical model about the components of the Impression Management (IM), and the predictive value of this psychological [...]- 0
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Categories
Psychology, Multidisciplinary