Social aspects of place experience in mobile work/life practices

Abstract

eer-reviewed\nThis chapter examines the importance of “where” mobile work/life practices\noccur. By discussing excerpts of data collected through in-depth interviews\nwith mobile professionals, we focus on the importance of place for mobility, and\nhighlight the social character of place and the intrinsically social motivations of\nworkers when making decisions regarding where to move. In order to show how\nthe experience of mobility is grounded within place as a socially significant construct,\nwe concentrate on three analytical themes: place as an essential component\nof social/collaborative work, place as expressive of organizational needs and characteristics,\nand place as facilitating a blending of work/life strategies and relationships.\nACCEPTED\nPeer reviewed

Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Error

2. Numerical modeling

In this study, an X80 grade steel pipeline with corrosion defect is modeled. According to the previous analysis, the local stress state of buried corrosion defective pipelines is complicated under the action of unreasonable ground overload. Meanwhile, the focus of this paper is to conduct a safety assessment of buried corrosion defective pipelines under given conditions. Generally, the shape of corrosion defects is irregular. To quantify the shape of corrosion defects, it is necessary to reasonably simplify the model corrosion defects to apply the results to various geometric shapes [19-20]. In many industry standard specifications such as DNV and modified B31G, the maximum corrosion depth ( ${\textstyle d}$ ), width ( ${\textstyle W}$ ) and length ( ${\textstyle L}$ ) are used to describe the pipeline corrosion defects. If the defect depth profile is relatively smooth and does not present multiple major peaks in depth, a corrosion defect can be considered as a regular shape [20]. The shape of the corrosion defect of buried pipelines is simplified as a rectangular volume defects and rounded the corners in this paper, as shown in Figure 1, which is a common used method in literature [13,17,21].

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Figure 1. Schematic diagram of corrosion defect pipeline

Numerical analysis of the buried pipeline under the ground loads is conducted by using the FE software ABAQUS6.14. The diameter of the pipeline is 0.66m, and the wall thickness is 8mm. The length of soil along the axial is selected 30 times the pipe diameter, and the height and width are 9 times and 15 times the pipe diameter, respectively, according to the previously published article [1]. Therefore, the whole size of the soil is ${\textstyle 20{\rm {m}}\times 10{\rm {m}}\times 6{\rm {m}}}$ , and the buried depth is 1m. Considering that the model and boundary conditions have obvious symmetry, a quarter model is used for calculation, in order to improve the calculation efficiency. The FE model of buried corrosion defect pipeline under ground overload is shown in Figure 2. The equivalent pressure is used to describe the ground overload, and the ground overload directly acts on the soil surface above the corrosion defect pipeline, as shown in Figures 2(a) and (c). The pipeline corrosion defect is simplified as a rectangle with rounded corners, and the detailed local shape is shown in Figure 2(d).

The bottom boundary conditions of the model are fixed constraints, and the symmetry constraint is used on the symmetry plane (i.e. the XY plane and the ZY plane). The upper surface of the model is free, and the normal displacement of the outer end faces is restricted to prevent the soil from collapsing. The contact pair algorithm is used to simulate the interface between the outer surface of the pipe and the surrounding soil. And set the friction coefficient as 0.4 [22]. The contact algorithm is widely accepted to simulate the nonlinear behavior of pipe-soil contact, and it can truly simulate the contact force of underground pipeline and soil [2,8].

Test

PERFIL IPE	I_t calculado	I_t Argüelles [11]	I_t Monfort [12]	I_t ArcelorMittal [16]	I_w calculado	I_w Argüelles [11]	I_w ArcelorMittal [16]
	mm⁴ x 10³	mm⁴ x 10³	mm⁴ x 10³	mm⁴ x 10³	mm⁶ x 10⁶	mm⁶ x 10⁶	mm⁶ x 10⁶
IPE 80	5.59	7.21	7.0	7	119	118	120
IPE 100	8.83	11.4	12.0	12	353	351	350
IPE 120	13.72	17.7	17.4	17	895	890	890
IPE 140	20.35	26.3	24.5	25	1989	1981	1980
IPE 160	28.20	36.4	36.0	36	3976	3959	3960
IPE 180	39.20	50.6	47.9	48	7470	7431	7430
IPE 200	51.65	66.7	69.8	70	13019	12990	13000
IPE 220	70.91	91.5	90.7	91	22774	22670	22700
IPE 240	92.80	120	128.8	129	37624	37390	37400
IPE 270	119.43	154	159.0	159	70871	70580	70600
IPE 300	155.74	201	201.2	201	126379	125900	126000
IPE 330	205.40	265	281.5	282	199841	199100	199000
IPE 360	289.26	373	373.2	373	314510	313600	314000
IPE 400	374.33	483	510.8	511	492215	490000	490000
IPE 450	510.71	659	668.7	669	794312	791000	791000
IPE 500	711.68	918	892.9	893	1254441	1249000	1249000
IPE 550	947.43	1220	1232.0	1230	1893452	1884000	1884000
IPE 600	1329.70	1720	1654.0	1650	2858298	2846000	2846000