Documents published in Scipedia

• Sociology of science and scientific reflexivity

  O. Gatica

  Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  In this article, I provide a historical reconstruction of five moments of reflexivity. The first moment is Cartesian-self (western science). The second moment is social-self (sociology). The third moment is objective self-self (sociology of knowledge). The fourth moment is subjective self-self (sociology of science and scientific reflexivity). The fifth moment is complain-self (war of sciences). This historical reconstruction is one of the innumerable roads that lead to a new scientific narrative which is based in complexity, transdiciplinarity, transculturality, and democratization of science.

  Abstract
  In this article, I provide a historical reconstruction of five moments of reflexivity. The first moment is Cartesian-self (western science). The second moment is social-self [...]

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• Two central methodological elements for rigorously measuring food poverty. Application to Mexico City

  H. Figueroa, J. Boltvinik

  Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  After discussing the concepts of hunger, undernutrition, food insecurity and food poverty, we propose a methodology to measure food poverty which integrates two innovations which were developed separately: 1) construction and cost estimate of the Normative Food Basket (nfb ) for the concrete composition of each household in Mexico City, carried out by Evalúa DF, 2) The comparison between the cost of the nfb and households’ food expenditure, instead of comparing it with income, as usually done. This integration allows a rigorous diagnosis of the food condition in Mexico City. Lastly, results of applying both innovations are contrasted with the results derived from comparing the costs of inegi -cepal s nfb and coneval s Minimum Welfare Line with households’ income.

  Abstract
  After discussing the concepts of hunger, undernutrition, food insecurity and food poverty, we propose a methodology to measure food poverty which integrates two innovations [...]

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• Theoretical and intellectual debates from Laclaus theory of hegemony with/against the Marxists and leftists traditions: ¿post-marxist theory?

  H. Fair

  Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The article problematizes the self-positioning of Laclaus theory of hegemony in the “post-Marxist” field and in socialist traditions, from the analysis of the positions and debates with the intellectual thinkers who questioned him from Marxist and leftist traditions. Based on the analysis of their convergences, theoretical tensions and onto-epistemological ruptures with/ against Marxist and socialist traditions, it seeks to contribute to evaluate the validity of the criticism and, at the same time, promote a greater dialogism and debate with these theoretical, social and political conceptions.

  Abstract
  The article problematizes the self-positioning of Laclaus theory of hegemony in the “post-Marxist” field and in socialist traditions, from the analysis of the positions [...]

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• The eternal dilemma: Poverty or inequality in the explanation of homicides. Unexpected findings and a proposal to overcome the dilemma

  M. Díaz

  Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  In Mexico, crime has increased and diversified over the last 20 years, but we have few theoretical, empirically verified, explanations. Here I explore a way of explaining violent crime in municipalities with more than 100, 000 inhabitants, taking intentional homicide in 2011 as the observable variable. I start from explanations of crime based on poverty and inequality. To this end, I problematize this type of explanations and run regression models testing the hypotheses of poverty or inequality as the explanatory variable. At the end I discuss the results obtained and propose a new research design that overcomes the limitations of the one carried out and the dilemma posed in the title.

  Abstract
  In Mexico, crime has increased and diversified over the last 20 years, but we have few theoretical, empirically verified, explanations. Here I explore a way of explaining [...]

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• Social security, pensions and old age adults’ poverty in Mexico

  A. Damián

  Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  After discussing the role of pension systems in capitalism as instruments of redistribution of income between capital and labor and, therefore, of the class struggle, it is recounted how, in a context of a fragmented and inconclusive Welfare State, pension systems emerged in Mexico, and recent reforms to pension systems are analyzed, showing their impact in the reduction of benefits. Lastly, the poverty of the population of retirement age is analyzed in relation to their access to contributory and noncontributory pensions.

  Abstract
  After discussing the role of pension systems in capitalism as instruments of redistribution of income between capital and labor and, therefore, of the class struggle, it is [...]

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• Yakov Glatshtein: his counter-current walk

  A. Cimet

  Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  We present two poems from Yakov Glatshtein. A central question is asked: was there or was there not, a political and philosophical consciousness about the enormity of the calamity that developed during the Second World war?. The pre-war poem, concludes that an unnamed calamity –a Holocaust– against the Jews is about to erupt, destroying the minority that had about 1000 years of tense coexistence in the region. The second poem, intents to digest the disaster once it has happened, and deals with the fact that there is no future to be imagined for the group or its culture. The importance of the poets’ arguments stem from his early recognition of the missing intellectual barriers within the discourse of the time, these needed to question the lack of ethical grounding within the political arrangements, but they were nowhere to be found. Today, 70 years from the Holocaust, conflicting interrelations among groups continue to linger unexplored, hiding the insidious roots of the problem. The absence of reformulations for the linkage of the ethical and the political, remain a most urgent task to be upheld if we hope to be able to distance ourselves of that political legacy of the war.

  Abstract
  We present two poems from Yakov Glatshtein. A central question is asked: was there or was there not, a political and philosophical consciousness about the enormity of the [...]

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• On nazi presence in Chile

  R. Cassigoli

  Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This essay emphasizes some true conceivable links existing between three historical phenomena. At first, the remarkable german influence on Chile’s institutions and public life since the xix century. Secondly, the concrete phenomena of local Nazism in the 30’s and 40’s decades of the xx century. On third place, the annihilation practices of the dictatorial apparatus, committed between 1973 and 1988. Particularly, the essay asks about the basis upon which these three events are interlocked, having as a tragic culmination the crimes on “Colonia Dignidad” (“Dignity” settlement) during the dictatorship period. On this german enclave in south Chile aberrant practices took place in previous periods. In the 70’s and 80’s decades, this place openly served as an annihilation center for political adversaries of the military regime.

  Abstract
  This essay emphasizes some true conceivable links existing between three historical phenomena. At first, the remarkable german influence on Chile’s institutions and public [...]

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• Presentación

  R. Salamon

  Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

  
  

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• Portantieros Gramsci. Culture, polítics and Intellectuals in post-war Argentina

  J. Casco

  Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This work focuses on the intellectual production of Portantiero linked to the work of Antonio Gramsci. To do this, he reviews some moments of his work taking care of the sociopolitical and the different configurations of the intellectual field context. The main objective of this article is to attend the meeting Portantiero with Gramscis work deciphering the modulations that acquires reception in his work, considering the way it operated as a breaking point at times of political and intellectual trajectory and how at the same time it made sense to occupy a prominent place in the intellectual field.

  Abstract
  This work focuses on the intellectual production of Portantiero linked to the work of Antonio Gramsci. To do this, he reviews some moments of his work taking care of the sociopolitical [...]

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• Youth, work and unemployment on the early stages of economic crisis in Spain. Some reflections

  A. Hila

  Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Currently, the high and alarming youth unemployment rate in Spain invites to reflect on how this situation was on the previous and early stages of current economic and social crisis. In this article we analyze and reflect upon whether the predominant explanation, based on blaming young people for youth unemployment, eludes other interesting aspects to consider. Our analysis is based on research that combines statistical and documentary review, participant observation and interview (semi-structured and structured), aimed at young people (16-19 years), professionals in the field of formal training and occupation, and responsibles for local administration. The main contribution is firstly, the identification, from empirical analysis, of some reflections about elements that question the blame-discourse to the young and, secondly, the presentation of exogenous elements (alien to young people), which are interesting to be incorporated in the analysis of youth and employment.

  Abstract
  Currently, the high and alarming youth unemployment rate in Spain invites to reflect on how this situation was on the previous and early stages of current economic and social [...]

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