Documents published in Scipedia

• An integrative review of the characteristics of meaningful learning in healthcare professionals to enlighten educational practices in health care

  L. Cadorin, A. Bagnasco, G. Rocco, L. Sasso

  Collection of Nursing Open (2017).

  
  

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• pH-Regulated Synthesis of Multi-Shelled Manganese Oxide Hollow Microspheres as Supercapacitor Electrodes Using Carbonaceous Microspheres as Templates

  J. Wang, H. Tang, H. Ren, R. Yu, J. Qi, D. Mao, H. Zhao, D. Wang

  Collection of Advanced Science (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Multi-shelled Mn2O3 hollow microspheres have been achieved through a pH-regulated method and used as supercapacitor electrodes. The designed unique architecture allows efficient use of pseudo-capacitive Mn2O3 nanomaterials for charge storage with facilitated transport for both ions and electrons, rendering them high specific capacitance, good rate capability, and remarkable cycling performance.

  Abstract
  Multi-shelled Mn2O3 hollow microspheres have been achieved through a pH-regulated method and used as supercapacitor electrodes. The designed unique architecture allows efficient [...]

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• Advanced Science – Top Science with Maximum Accessibility

  K. Severing

  Collection of Advanced Science (2017).

  
  

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• Electrode Nanostructures in Lithium-Based Batteries

  N. Mahmood, Y. Hou

  Collection of Advanced Science (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Lithium-based batteries possessing energy densities much higher than those of the conventional batteries belong to the most promising class of future energy devices. However, there are some fundamental issues related to their electrodes which are big roadblocks in their applications to electric vehicles (EVs). Nanochemistry has advantageous roles to overcome these problems by defining new nanostructures of electrode materials. This review article will highlight the challenges associated with these chemistries both to bring high performance and longevity upon considering the working principles of the various types of lithium-based (Li-ion, Li-air and Li-S) batteries. Further, the review discusses the advantages and challenges of nanomaterials in nanostructured electrodes of lithium-based batteries, concerns with lithium metal anode and the recent advancement in electrode nanostructures.

  Abstract
  Lithium-based batteries possessing energy densities much higher than those of the conventional batteries belong to the most promising class of future energy devices. However, [...]

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• High-Volume Processed, ITO-Free Superstrates and Substrates for Roll-to-Roll Development of Organic Electronics

  M. Hösel, D. Angmo, R. Søndergaard, G. Benatto, J. Carlé, M. Jørgensen, F. Krebs

  Collection of Advanced Science (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The fabrication of substrates and superstrates prepared by scalable roll-to-roll methods is reviewed. The substrates and superstrates that act as the flexible carrier for the processing of functional organic electronic devices are an essential component, and proposals are made about how the general availability of various forms of these materials is needed to accelerate the development of the field of organic electronics. The initial development of the replacement of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) for the flexible carrier materials is described and a description of how roll-to-roll processing development led to simplification from an initially complex make-up to higher performing materials through a more simple process is also presented. This process intensification through process simplification is viewed as a central strategy for upscaling, increasing throughput, performance, and cost reduction.

  Abstract
  The fabrication of substrates and superstrates prepared by scalable roll-to-roll methods is reviewed. The substrates and superstrates that act as the flexible carrier for [...]

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• The Rational Design of a Single-Component Photocatalyst for Gas-Phase CO2 Reduction Using Both UV and Visible Light

  L. Hoch, T. Wood, P. O'Brien, K. Liao, L. Reyes, C. Mims, G. Ozin

  Collection of Advanced Science (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The solar-to-chemical energy conversion of greenhouse gas CO2 into carbon-based fuels is a very important research challenge, with implications for both climate change and energy security. Herein, the key attributes of hydroxides and oxygen vacancies are experimentally identified in non-stoichiometric indium oxide nanoparticles, In2O3-x(OH)y, that function in concert to reduce CO2 to CO under simulated solar irradiation.

  Abstract
  The solar-to-chemical energy conversion of greenhouse gas CO2 into carbon-based fuels is a very important research challenge, with implications for both climate change and [...]

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• Solar Fuels: The Rational Design of a Single-Component Photocatalyst for Gas-Phase CO2 Reduction Using Both UV and Visible Light (Adv. Sci. 1/2014)

  L. Hoch, T. Wood, P. O'Brien, K. Liao, L. Reyes, C. Mims, G. Ozin

  Collection of Advanced Science (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Advances towards the vision of the “solar fuels refinery” of the future are portrayed in the cover art, based on article 1400013 by G. A. Ozin and co-workers. In the article, the attributes of hydroxide groups and oxygen vacancies are identified for non-stoichiometric indium oxide photocatalytic nanoparticles in the light-assisted, gas-phase conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. The ultimate goal of this work is to facilitate an energy transition from todays unsustainable “fossil fuel economy” to a new and sustainable “carbon dioxide economy”. The cover was designed by Chenxin Qian

  Abstract
  Advances towards the vision of the “solar fuels refinery” of the future are portrayed in the cover art, based on article 1400013 by G. A. Ozin and co-workers. In the article, [...]

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• Biochar: a new promising catalyst support using methanation as a probe reaction

  L. Zhu, S. Yin, Q. Yin, H. Wang, S. Wang, S. Myong, J. Park, S. Kwon

  Energy Science & Engineering (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Biochar (BC), a by-product from the fast pyrolysis of rice husk, was activated by chemical and physical process. The activated biochar (ABC) showed graphite-like morphology and had a large amount of random pores with BET surface area of 1058 m2/g. The biochar properties observed by further characterization revealed its feasibility to be used as a catalyst support. Syngas methanation as a probe reaction was utilized to characterize biochar supported Ru catalyst. The catalytic performance of the Ru/ABC catalyst in methanation was superior or comparable to the conventional activated carbon (AC) supported Ru catalyst. A high CH4 selectivity of 98% and a CO conversion of 100% were obtained under the proper reaction conditions over the Ru/ABC catalyst.

  Abstract
  Biochar (BC), a by-product from the fast pyrolysis of rice husk, was activated by chemical and physical process. The activated biochar (ABC) showed graphite-like morphology [...]

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• Inferior outdoor-exposed performances of encapsulated a-Si:H photovoltaic modules deposited with a high speed

  S. Myong, J. Park, S. Kwon

  Energy Science & Engineering (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  We investigate the stabilized performance of encapsulated hydrogenated amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules depending on the deposition speed. The module products are degraded differently depending on the light-soaking environment. The modules deposited at a high speed demonstrate significant degradation in an outdoor exposure test, despite moderate degradation during indoor light soaking. However, the modules deposited at a low speed show a relatively more stable performance against the outdoor exposure test. Notably, some modules show the trend that a higher initial performance stimulates a higher light-induced degradation, leading to a lower performance in the outdoor environment.

  Abstract
  We investigate the stabilized performance of encapsulated hydrogenated amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules depending on the deposition speed. The module products are degraded [...]

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• Effect of ester compounds on biogas production: beneficial or detrimental?

  H. Yanti, R. Wikandari, R. Millati, C. Niklasson, M. Taherzadeh

  Energy Science & Engineering (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Esters are major flavor compounds in fruits, which are produced in high volume. The widespread availability of these compounds in nature attracts interest on their behavior in anaerobic digestion in waste and wastewater treatments. The aim of this work was to study the effects of various esters at different concentrations in anaerobic digestion followed by determination of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and to study the effect of chain length of functional group and alkyl chain of ester on methane production. Addition of methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and hexyl acetate at concentration up to 5 g L−1 increased methane production, while their higher concentrations inhibited the digestion process. The MIC values for these esters were between 5 and 20 g L−1. Except hexyl acetate, the esters at concentration 5 g L−1 could act as sole carbon source during digestion. For ethyl esters, increasing number of carbon in functional group decreased methane production. For acetate esters, alkyl chain longer than butyl inhibited methane production. Effect of ester on methane production is concentration-dependent.

  Abstract
  Esters are major flavor compounds in fruits, which are produced in high volume. The widespread availability of these compounds in nature attracts interest on their behavior [...]

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