Intelligent Controlled Compact Parking for Modern Parking Management on German Motorways

Abstract

The high density of commercial freight transport on motorways makes it difficult for truck drivers to find safe parking places especially for longer rest periods during the night. Even though expansions have been made to satisfy the demand in Germany, overcrowding and dangerous situations still occur as a result of vehicles parking on the entrance and exit roads of rest areas. In 2005 a control procedure called “Convoy Parking” was installed at the rest area Montabaur on the A3 motorway in Germany. Convoy Parking is subject to a patent (EP 1 408 455 B1, 2007). Convoy Parking requires all drivers entering their departure time at a terminal in front of a barrier. Subsequently, on the basis of the input data, the automatically detected vehicle length and the actual situation at the rest area, a free parking row is assigned and trucks can be parked sorted. The German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) developed a new control procedure called “Intelligent Controlled Compact Parking” (hereafter referred to as “Compact Parking” for short) to achieve that trucks are parking in a compact way, side by side and without a driving lane between trucks. Convoy Parking and Compact Parking have a very different control procedure and appearance. While Convoy Parking assigns a parking row to the driver, Compact Parking deliberately leaves the choice of the parking row to the drivers themselves. Drivers do not have to disclose their departure time to any system and they are not stopped by any barrier because Compact Parking offers a wide range of departure times on variable message signs. Drivers ought to use the parking row where their intended departure time is offered. With the innovative system Compact Parking the capacity of an existing rest area can be quickly increased without enlarging the area. This also avoids long-term planning approval procedures and is friendly to the environment. Besides, the safety for all users of the rest area can be improved by reducing illegal parking. Compact Parking is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI). The first installation of Compact Parking is under construction at the rest area Jura-West on the A3 motorway (Northern Bavaria). The Autobahndirektion Nordbayern (Motorway Directorate for Northern Bavaria) is the central agency to plan, build and run the motorways in Northern Bavaria and got the approval of the BMVI to realize the pilot project. BASt accompanies the pilot project and leads the implementation of the control procedure. The opening is scheduled for summer 2015.

Keywords

truck parking ; intelligent transport systems ; intelligent controlled compact parking ; rest area

References

1. Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 2003 Bergische Universität Wuppertal (2003): Sicherheits- und Betriebserfordernisse beim Bau von Rastanlagen der Bundesautobahnen (FE 02.0201/2000/MRB).
2. Bergt et al., 2008 Bergt, M.; Gather, M.; Lüttmerding, A.; Räder-Großmann, T. (2008). Belegung der Autobahnparkplätze durch Lkw in Thüringen – Phase II: Konkretisierung der Maßnahmenempfehlungen. Costumer: Thüringer Landesamt für Bau und Verkehr, October 2008.
3. Bundesministerium für Verkehr, 2008 Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (2008a). Masterplan Güterverkehr und Logistik, September 2008.
4. Bundesministerium für Verkehr, 2008b Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (2008b). Studie zu Lkw-Parkplätzen ausgewertet. press release 248/2008 dated 2008-09-08.
5. Bundesministerium für Verkehr, 2012 Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (2012): Lkw-Parken in einem modernen, bedarfsgerechten Rastanlagensystem. brochure; publisher is Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung, Bonn.
6. Bundesministerium für Verkehr, 2013 Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (2013). Lkw-Parken auf BAB – Auswertung der bundesweiten Erhebung der Parkstandnachfrage an BAB 2013. brochure; publisher is Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung, Bonn.
7. Bundesministerium, 2016 Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur (2016): Kompaktparken – Rastanlage Jura-West; accessed on 2016-02-19; www.kompaktparken.de.
8. EP, 2007 EP 1 408 455 B1 (2007) Patentschrift EP 1 408 455 B 1, Anmeldenummer 03022391.1 “Anlage zur optimalen Ausnutzung des Parkraums von Parkplätzen für Kraftfahrzeuge”.
9. European Union, 2006 European Union (2006). Regulation (EC) No 561/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the harmonisation of certain social legislation relating to road transport and amending Council Regulations (EEC) No 3821/85 and (EC) No 2135/98 and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 3820/85 (Text with EEA relevance). Official Journal oft he European Commission, dated 2006-04-11.
10. Evers and Auerbach, 2006 C. Evers, K. Auerbach; Übermüdung als Ursache schwerer Lkw-Unfälle; Zeitschrift für Verkehrssicherheit, 52 (2006), pp. 67–70
11. Evers, 2009 Evers, C. (2009): Auswirkungen von arbeitsbezogenen Belastungen und Stress auf das Ver-kehrsverhalten von Lkw-Fahrern, Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Heft M 204.
12. Follmann and Menge, 2009 Follmann, J.; Menge, J. (2009). Verbesserung der Parkmöglichkeiten für Lkw an Autobahnen. In Straßenverkehrstechnik, magazine 1/2009 Kirschbaumverlag, Bonn, pp. 25-31Kleine, J.; Lehmann, R.; Lohoff, J.; Rittershaus, L.: (2014): Rastanlagen an BAB –Verbesserung der Auslastung und Erhöhung der Kapazität durch Telematiksysteme. Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Reihe V: Verkehrstechnik, 241; publisher is Carl Schünemann Verlag GmbH, Bremen.
13. Kleine and Lehmann, 2016 Kleine, J.; Lehmann, R. (2016): Telematisch gesteuertes Kompaktparken – Grundlagen und Entwicklung; Projekt F1100.6512004 der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, publication planned 2016.