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• Optimal under multiple criteria selection of refractory and insulating materials for metallurgical ladles

  O. Valdés, J. Ruiz

  Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2016). Vol. 32, (2)

  
  

  Abstract

  Until the present the problem of the refractory and isolating materials selection has not been treated, in all its complexity, as an optimization under multiple criteria task, but basically as a metallurgical problem. In the present article the mathematical modelling of the optimal under multiple criteria task, the analysis of it mathematical complexity, considering the dimensions of the materials by layers and by zones are exposed. The complexity of the formulated task conditions the necessity of its decomposition in simpler tasks by zones of the ladle. The experimental validation of the obtained numeric results, where the efficiency and resulting quality of the used procedures is evidenced. The procedures applied are a part of the Integration of Variables method. Particularly, the Random Search of the Extremes of a Function of a Variable Code operator is applied to the problem studied.

  Abstract
  Until the present the problem of the refractory and isolating materials selection has not been treated, in all its complexity, as an optimization under multiple criteria task, [...]

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• E17110 promotes reverse cholesterol transport with liver X receptor β agonist activity in vitro

  X. Li, L. Liu, J. Yang, W. Li, D. Lu, Y. Yu, J. Chai, L. Wang, L. Ma, P. Xie, Y. Xu, S. Si, N. Li, W. Jiang, H. Yin, P. Liu, W. Ruan, X. Wang

  Journal of Bone Oncology (2016).

  
  

  Abstract

  Liver X receptor (LXR) plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and activation of LXR could reduce atherosclerosis. In the present study we used a cell-based screening method to identify new potential LXRβ agonists. A novel benzofuran-2-carboxylate derivative was identified with LXRβ agonist activity: E17110 showed a significant activation effect on LXRβ with an EC50 value of 0.72 μmol/L. E17110 also increased the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) in RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, E17110 significantly reduced cellular lipid accumulation and promoted cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 macrophages. Interestingly, we found that the key amino acids in the LXRβ ligand-binding domain had distinct interactions with E17110 as compared to TO901317. These results suggest that E17110 was identified as a novel compound with LXRβ agonist activity in vitro via screening, and could be developed as a potential anti-atherosclerotic lead compound.

  Abstract
  Liver X receptor (LXR) plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and activation of LXR could reduce atherosclerosis. In the present study we used a cell-based [...]

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• Adventitial cystic disease of the common femoral vein presenting as deep vein thrombosis

  Y. Kim, H. Chun, J. Hwang, J. Kim, S. Kim, S. Park, I. Moon

  Test journal (2016).

  
  

  Abstract

  Adventitial cystic disease of the common femoral vein is a rare condition. We herein report the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with painless swelling in her left lower leg that resembled deep vein thrombosis. She underwent femoral exploration and excision of the cystic wall. The presentation, investigation, treatment, and pathology of this condition are discussed with a literature review.

  Abstract
  Adventitial cystic disease of the common femoral vein is a rare condition. We herein report the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with painless swelling in her left [...]

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• Coping with climate change and Chinas wind energy sustainable development

  D. He

  Test journal (2016).

  
  

  Abstract

  Greenhouse gas emissions are the main cause of todays climate change. To address this problem, the world is in an era of new round energy transformation, and the existing energy structure is being reformed. In this paper, according to the Chinese governments action plan for coping with climate change, the Chinas wind energy sustainable development goals and development route are discussed, and the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. Wind energy is currently a kind of important renewable energy with matured technology which can be scale-up developed and put into commercial application, and in this transformation, wind energy will play a key role with other non-fossil energy sources. The development and utilization of wind energy is a systematic project, which needs to be solved from the aspects of policy, technology and management. At present, China is in the stage of transferring from “large wind power country” to “strong wind power country”, opportunities and challenges coexist, and the advantages of Chinas socialist system could be fully used, which can concentrate power to do big things and make contribution in the process of realizing global energy transformation.

  Abstract
  Greenhouse gas emissions are the main cause of todays climate change. To address this problem, the world is in an era of new round energy transformation, and the existing [...]

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• An analysis of Chinas CO2 emission peaking target and pathways

  J. He

  Test journal (2016).

  
  

  Abstract

  China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching target and a key point of action for Chinas resource conservation, environmental protection, shift in economic development patterns, and CO2 emission reduction to avoid climate change. The development stage where China maps out the CO2 emission peak target is earlier than that of the developed countries. It is a necessity that the non-fossil energy supplies be able to meet all the increased energy demand for achieving CO2 emission peaking. Given that Chinas potential GDP annual increasing rate will be more than 4%, and Chinas total energy demand will continue to increase by approximately 1.0%–1.5% annually around 2030, new and renewable energies will need to increase by 6%–8% annually to meet the desired CO2 emission peak. The share of new and renewable energies in Chinas total primary energy supply will be approximately 20% by 2030. At that time, the energy consumption elasticity will decrease to around 0.3, and the annual decrease in the rate of CO2 intensity will also be higher than 4% to ensure the sustained growth of GDP. To achieve the CO2 emission peaking target and substantially promote the low-carbon development transformation, China needs to actively promote an energy production and consumption revolution, the innovation of advanced energy technologies, the reform of the energy regulatory system and pricing mechanism, and especially the construction of a national carbon emission cap and trade system.

  Abstract
  China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change [...]

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• Chinas target for peaking CO2 emissions

  J. He

  Test journal (2016).

  
  

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• Objectives and strategies for energy revolution in the context of tackling climate change

  J. He

  Test journal (2016).

  
  

  Abstract

  Global climate change mitigation and CO2 emission reduction have promoted the revolutionary transformation in energy system. The core content of energy system revolutionary transformation is to replace the high-carbon energy system dominated by fossil energy with low-carbon energy system dominated by new and renewable energy and finally realize the near-zero emission of CO2. The new energy system transformation has also led to a reform in global economic and social development patterns. Developing low-carbon economy becomes the fundamental strategy of sustainable development under climate risk management and the only solution to getting on the road from industrial civilization to ecological civilization. China intends to achieve the peaking of CO2 emissions around 2030 and increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20% by 2030. Guided by the targets, China directs its economy development to a low-carbon pattern. Therefore, new and renewable power capacity need to reach 1300 GW, and the electricity generated should be 4 times of that in 2013 with a continuous increase rate of 6%–8% around 2030. The pace of energy substitution need to be accelerated and efficient, safe, clean, and low-carbon energy supply and consumption systems should be established besides strengthened energy conservation and improved energy efficient. Therefore, reform need be deepened, favorable policy system and market mechanism for energy revolution and low-carbon development need be established, energy pricing mechanism should be reformed, and national carbon market should be formed to provide a favorable policy and market environment for low-carbon technology innovation and industry development.

  Abstract
  Global climate change mitigation and CO2 emission reduction have promoted the revolutionary transformation in energy system. The core content of energy system revolutionary [...]

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• Chinas INDC and non-fossil energy development

  J. He

  Test journal (2016).

  
  

  Abstract

  Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries' energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC), China intends to raise the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to about 20% by 2030. That ambitious goal means the non-fossil energy supplies by 2030 will be 7–8 times that of 2005, and the annual increase rate is more than 8% within the 25 years. Besides, the capacity of wind power, solar power, hydropower and nuclear power reaches 400 GW, 350 GW, 450 GW, and 150 GW respectively, and Chinas non-fossil power capacity is even greater than the U.S.s total power capacity. In addition, the scale of natural gas increases. Consequently, by 2030, the proportion of coal falls from the current 70% to below 50%, and the CO2 intensity of energy consumption decreases by 20% compared with the level of 2005, which play important roles in significantly reducing the CO2 intensity of GDP. Since China has confirmed to achieve the CO2 emissions peak around 2030, at that time, the newly added energy demand will be satisfied by non-fossil energy, and the consumption of fossil fuel will stop growing. By 2030, non-fossil energy accounts for 20%, and the large scale and sound momentum of new and renewable energy industry will support the growth of total energy demand, which plays a key role in CO2 emissions peaking and beginning to decline, and lays the foundation for establishing a new energy system dominated by new and renewable energy in the second half of the 21st century as well as finally achieving the CO2 zero-emission.

  Abstract
  Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries' energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended [...]

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• Radiofrequency catheter ablation of left-sided accessory pathways via retrograde aortic approach in children

  C. Ayabakan, M. Şahin, A. Çeliker

  Test journal (2016).

  
  

  Abstract

  We aimed to analyze the results of retrograde aortic radiofrequency catheter ablation of left-sided accessory pathways in children. Between January 2010 and September 2014, 25 children who underwent left-sided accessory pathway ablation with a retrograde aortic approach were evaluated retrospectively. The mean age of the patients was 11.09±3.71 years. Seventeen patients were male (68%). The mean procedure and fluoroscopy times were 71.54±21.05 min and 31.42±19.57 min, respectively. Radiofrequency energy was delivered with 41.38±15.32 W at 52.38±5.45 °C. Sixteen patients (64%) presented with manifest preexcitation and, 9 had concealed accessory pathways. The location of accessory pathway was left lateral in 16 patients, posteroseptal in 5, left anterolateral in 2, and left posterolateral and left posterior in the remaining 2. The acute success rate was 96%. The patients were followed for a mean of 16.68±18.01 months. There were 2 recurrences. No major complications were observed in the periprocedural period. One patient had groin hematoma, another one had transient severe headache and vomiting. Trivial mitral regurgitation was noted in a patient, which remained the same throughout follow-up. None of the patients developed new aortic regurgitation, pericardial effusion, or thrombi at the site of ablation. The retrograde aortic approach can be safely employed with a high success rate for ablation of left-sided accessory pathways in children.

  Abstract
  We aimed to analyze the results of retrograde aortic radiofrequency catheter ablation of left-sided accessory pathways in children. Between January 2010 and September 2014, [...]

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• Fundamental postulates of Anthony Giddens’ reflexive modernity theory

  A. Carreño

  Test journal (2016). Vol. 1

  
  

  Abstract

  The purpose of this scholarly monograph is to introduce students of sociology and other social sciences to the theoretical postulates of Anthony Giddens about reflexivity and its relation to the radicalized modernity. For this purpose –attending space limitations–, I first layout the background that underlies his analysis of the transformations of contemporary society with reference to the theory of structuration. Secondly, I address the analysis of modernity made by the author, its reflexive condition and his thesis on the radicalization of the social process. Thirdly, I present some of the main themes that give continuity to his research program. In order to enrich this monograph I have included a selected bibliography of related issues and theoretical debates on the Giddens’ concepts and approaches.

  Abstract
  The purpose of this scholarly monograph is to introduce students of sociology and other social sciences to the theoretical postulates of Anthony Giddens about reflexivity [...]

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