Documents published in 2017 : Scipedia

The eternal dilemma: Poverty or inequality in the explanation of homicides. Unexpected findings and a proposal to overcome the dilemma
M. Díaz

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
In Mexico, crime has increased and diversified over the last 20 years, but we have few theoretical, empirically verified, explanations. Here I explore a way of explaining violent crime in municipalities with more than 100, 000 inhabitants, taking intentional homicide in 2011 as the observable variable. I start from explanations of crime based on poverty and inequality. To this end, I problematize this type of explanations and run regression models testing the hypotheses of poverty or inequality as the explanatory variable. At the end I discuss the results obtained and propose a new research design that overcomes the limitations of the one carried out and the dilemma posed in the title.
Abstract
In Mexico, crime has increased and diversified over the last 20 years, but we have few theoretical, empirically verified, explanations. Here I explore a way of explaining [...]
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Social security, pensions and old age adults’ poverty in Mexico
A. Damián

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
After discussing the role of pension systems in capitalism as instruments of redistribution of income between capital and labor and, therefore, of the class struggle, it is recounted how, in a context of a fragmented and inconclusive Welfare State, pension systems emerged in Mexico, and recent reforms to pension systems are analyzed, showing their impact in the reduction of benefits. Lastly, the poverty of the population of retirement age is analyzed in relation to their access to contributory and noncontributory pensions.
Abstract
After discussing the role of pension systems in capitalism as instruments of redistribution of income between capital and labor and, therefore, of the class struggle, it is [...]
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Yakov Glatshtein: his counter-current walk
A. Cimet

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
We present two poems from Yakov Glatshtein. A central question is asked: was there or was there not, a political and philosophical consciousness about the enormity of the calamity that developed during the Second World war?. The pre-war poem, concludes that an unnamed calamity –a Holocaust– against the Jews is about to erupt, destroying the minority that had about 1000 years of tense coexistence in the region. The second poem, intents to digest the disaster once it has happened, and deals with the fact that there is no future to be imagined for the group or its culture. The importance of the poets’ arguments stem from his early recognition of the missing intellectual barriers within the discourse of the time, these needed to question the lack of ethical grounding within the political arrangements, but they were nowhere to be found. Today, 70 years from the Holocaust, conflicting interrelations among groups continue to linger unexplored, hiding the insidious roots of the problem. The absence of reformulations for the linkage of the ethical and the political, remain a most urgent task to be upheld if we hope to be able to distance ourselves of that political legacy of the war.
Abstract
We present two poems from Yakov Glatshtein. A central question is asked: was there or was there not, a political and philosophical consciousness about the enormity of the [...]
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On nazi presence in Chile
R. Cassigoli

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
This essay emphasizes some true conceivable links existing between three historical phenomena. At first, the remarkable german influence on Chile’s institutions and public life since the xix century. Secondly, the concrete phenomena of local Nazism in the 30’s and 40’s decades of the xx century. On third place, the annihilation practices of the dictatorial apparatus, committed between 1973 and 1988. Particularly, the essay asks about the basis upon which these three events are interlocked, having as a tragic culmination the crimes on “Colonia Dignidad” (“Dignity” settlement) during the dictatorship period. On this german enclave in south Chile aberrant practices took place in previous periods. In the 70’s and 80’s decades, this place openly served as an annihilation center for political adversaries of the military regime.
Abstract
This essay emphasizes some true conceivable links existing between three historical phenomena. At first, the remarkable german influence on Chile’s institutions and public [...]
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Presentación
R. Salamon

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).
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Portantieros Gramsci. Culture, polítics and Intellectuals in post-war Argentina
J. Casco

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
This work focuses on the intellectual production of Portantiero linked to the work of Antonio Gramsci. To do this, he reviews some moments of his work taking care of the sociopolitical and the different configurations of the intellectual field context. The main objective of this article is to attend the meeting Portantiero with Gramscis work deciphering the modulations that acquires reception in his work, considering the way it operated as a breaking point at times of political and intellectual trajectory and how at the same time it made sense to occupy a prominent place in the intellectual field.
Abstract
This work focuses on the intellectual production of Portantiero linked to the work of Antonio Gramsci. To do this, he reviews some moments of his work taking care of the sociopolitical [...]
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Youth, work and unemployment on the early stages of economic crisis in Spain. Some reflections
A. Hila

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
Currently, the high and alarming youth unemployment rate in Spain invites to reflect on how this situation was on the previous and early stages of current economic and social crisis. In this article we analyze and reflect upon whether the predominant explanation, based on blaming young people for youth unemployment, eludes other interesting aspects to consider. Our analysis is based on research that combines statistical and documentary review, participant observation and interview (semi-structured and structured), aimed at young people (16-19 years), professionals in the field of formal training and occupation, and responsibles for local administration. The main contribution is firstly, the identification, from empirical analysis, of some reflections about elements that question the blame-discourse to the young and, secondly, the presentation of exogenous elements (alien to young people), which are interesting to be incorporated in the analysis of youth and employment.
Abstract
Currently, the high and alarming youth unemployment rate in Spain invites to reflect on how this situation was on the previous and early stages of current economic and social [...]
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Presentación
M. Cázares, R. Duarte

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).
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Presentación
P. Cázares

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).
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Social norms and poverty tresholds
M. Ch.

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
Any measurement of poverty must specify a threshold and what this represents. Is it possible to avoid arbitrariness in the determination of these thresholds? Or are they totally subjective and depend on the observers values, prejudices and preferences? Or is poverty a real condition that causes suffering and exclusion from full participation in social life? This article argues that the meaning of adequate satisfaction of human needs is determined by social norms reflecting what society considers the minimum wellbeing to which all members should access. It proposes a methodology to identify these norms and emphasizes the process of their social structuring.
Abstract
Any measurement of poverty must specify a threshold and what this represents. Is it possible to avoid arbitrariness in the determination of these thresholds? Or are they totally [...]
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Hiperliberalism and conflictuality in Chile: A socio-epistemological interpretation
S. Campo

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
Sociological analysis and political analysis have an epistemological support that determines the conceptualization of society and the position or placement of who analyzes it. This is the representation available that is provided for a contemporary developing society or one more developed. It is about theory or theories of society as social constructions. Even though they are based on the accumulated knowledge, they don’t eliminate values, beliefs, desires or fears. Thus, social theory is a symbolic system that not only interprets reality but also tries to give it meaning and sense, so it is also ideology. In this concept of social theory, it is possible to hypothesize the occurrence of what I call hiperliberalism and its effect in the absence or presence of social conflictuality. Conflictuality overshadowed and thus, more absent than present in the last 20 or 30 years in Chile, where economic liberalism-turned-hiperliberalism causes conflictuality subsumption of contestation, especially in an order materially impoverishing. His re-emergence will be verified by means of the student movement that will engage the whole society.
Abstract
Sociological analysis and political analysis have an epistemological support that determines the conceptualization of society and the position or placement of who analyzes [...]
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Growing poverty and increasingly unequal social structures in Mexico. A critical and integrated perspective
J. Boltvinik, A. Damián

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
coneval s official methodology for measuring multidimensional poverty (ommmp ) is critically evaluated, which underestimates poverty, and is contrasted with the lpmm . It is shown that in Mexico: 1) incidence of poverty (h ) in 2014 is higher than in 1977, 2) the number of poor (q) between 1992 and 2014 grew both in the lpmm as in the dimensions of income and ubn (Unsatisfied Basic Needs), 3) by removing ommmp s word play act to separate ‘vulnerable’ from ‘poor’, the deprived population is similar in both methods, 4) there is a big contrast between stagnation of q with one or more social deprivations in ommmp and the significant growth of q (ubn ) in the lpmm, 5) between 2006-2014 not only H, but the intensity (I) of poverty, the equivalent incidence (hi ) increased, 6) there were strong changes in the social pyramid:dropsin the proportions of non-poor and of moderately poor populations, and rise in the proportion of extreme poverty, 7) there are strong inequalities between states and between rural, urban and metropolitan settlements.
Abstract
coneval s official methodology for measuring multidimensional poverty (ommmp ) is critically evaluated, which underestimates poverty, and is contrasted with the lpmm . It [...]
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PRESENTACIÓN
J. Boltvinik

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).
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Institutional violence against women in Northwest Mexico
M. Celaya, M. Gálvez

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
This paper examines the existing regulatory framework for addressing violence against women in Mexico, both nationally and at the level of the four states that make up the geographic area where the research was conducted. We present some of the manifestations of violence: communal, in the workplace and feminicide. Emphasis is placed on how these are overlapped and harnessed by institutional violence, for which we take up the ideas of experts on the subject of violence. The results reveal how institutional practices re-victimize and violate their rights. In spite of the advances in legal matters, we do not yet have the sociocultural conditions to ensure that women can exercise their rights and lead a life free of violence.
Abstract
This paper examines the existing regulatory framework for addressing violence against women in Mexico, both nationally and at the level of the four states that make up the [...]
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Anthropological epistemology as knowledge of man: The rol of anthropology of technoscience
A. Hernández

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
The project of an epistemology of anthropological sustenance similar ideas akin to those who have expressed solidarity between epistemology and social theory. In the present case, the theory of knowledge is symbolized by an idea in the political epistemology, understood as political epistemology and a theory of human scale represented society, understood as anthropology. This article will visit the elements of this relationship conceptual and epistemological issues in some authors founders of anthropology and anthropological critics of the twentieth century epistemology, anthropology of technoscience and the proposal of a possible epistemology supported by the main dimensions matrix conceptual epistemological anthropology.
Abstract
The project of an epistemology of anthropological sustenance similar ideas akin to those who have expressed solidarity between epistemology and social theory. In the present [...]
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The policy of the rights of the government of Mexico City
L. Enríquez

Collection of Acta Sociológica (2017).

Abstract
This text deals with the analysis of the policy of the rights of the government of Mexico City which took place during the last three administrations. This government is considered as an institution identified with the political left of the country since it bases its government strategy on two core pillars: the democratization of the government and the design of new redistributive policies, mainly the social policy. With these referents, an analysis is made with the most important political guidelines, which characterized this policy since 1997. Thus a process of continuity is identified in the three administrations in which consecutively the political, social, civil and “collective” rights were introduced. It is analyzed in each case the specific policies which made valid these rights and it is emphasized the different limitations related to those policies. Finally, we highlight the difficulties and contradictions that these governments have faced due to the fact that it is a policy put into practice in the framework of an urban development deep inside neoliberal policies and the global economy rules.
Abstract
This text deals with the analysis of the policy of the rights of the government of Mexico City which took place during the last three administrations. This government is considered [...]
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Numerical simulation of turbulent air flow with dispersed droplets in cooling tower eliminators
B. Zamora, A. Kaiser

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
This work presents a numerical study on the turbulent flow of air with dispersed water droplets in separators of mechanical cooling towers. The averaged Navier-Stokes equations are discretised through a finite volume method, using the Fluent and Phoenics codes, and alternatively employing the turbulence models k − ϵ, k − ω and the Reynolds stress model, with low-Re version and wall enhanced treatment refinements. The results obtained are compared with numerical and experimental results taken from the literature. The degree of accuracy obtained with each of the considered models of turbulence is stated. The influence of considering whether or not the simulation of the turbulent dispersion of droplets is analyzed, as well as the effects of other relevant parameters on the collection efficiency and the coefficient of pressure drop. Focusing on four specific eliminators (‘Belgian wave’, ‘H1-V’, ‘L-shaped’ and ‘Zig-zag’), the following ranges of parameters are outlined: 1 ≤ Ue ≤ 5 m/s for the entrance velocity, 2 ≤ Dp ≤ 50 μm for the droplet diameter, 650 ≤ Re ≤ 8.500 for Reynolds number, and 0.05 ≤ Pi ≤ 5 for the inertial parameter. Results reached alternately with Fluent and Phoenics codes are compared. The best results correspond to the simulations performed with Fluent, using the SST k − ω turbulence model, with values of the dimensionless scaled distance to wall y+ in the range 0.2 to 0.5. Finally, correlations are presented to predict the conditions for maximum collection efficiency (100 %), depending on the geometric parameter of removal efficiency of each of the separators, which is introduced in this work.
Abstract
This work presents a numerical study on the turbulent flow of air with dispersed water droplets in separators of mechanical cooling towers. The averaged Navier-Stokes equations [...]
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Elastoplastic Analysis of Framed Structures with Interaction Surfaces Obtained for Multiple Linear Regression
P. Vieira, W. Silva

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
The ultimate limit state criteria (yielding surfaces) applied to structural designs are easier in stress resultants. There are many difficulties to generating interaction surfaces with six sectional efforts obtained through to numerical or experimental models of a space-frame analysis. The approach, in the literature, to nonlinear analysis of structures with 3D beams is use of interaction surfaces with only three combined efforts in the cross-section. Therefore, a better understanding of load types, of interactions between the six efforts and of local and global stability of structure are necessary. The interaction surfaces with three efforts are presented in planes, quadrics, more complex, or a mixture of them shapes, so that techniques which use analytical formulations with combined efforts and several section shapes are more or less complex. Multiple linear regression allows to treat the resultant efforts of several analyses for obtaining a yielding surface with the combined efforts. In this paper, the formulation to obtaining of the surfaces and their applications in the analysis of elasto-plastic frame structures are presented.
Abstract
The ultimate limit state criteria (yielding surfaces) applied to structural designs are easier in stress resultants. There are many difficulties to generating interaction [...]
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Shape Optimization of 2D parametric models based on geometric weighting and evolutionary rules
F. Villegas, S. Gutiérrez

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
This paper presents a method for shape optimization of two-dimensional models subjected to simple or multiple load cases. The optimization is performed iteratively using evolutionary rules, based on the stress level. These rules determine regions on the boundary where the material is underused or overused, the objective is that the model evolves to a minimum weight model with a high and homogeneous stress level. The evolution is performed by modifying the boundary of the model slowly. Since the boundary is defined by parametric B-spline curves, generated changes result in a smooth boundary. The main proposal of the method is that boundary modifications are given by a set of displacements that, its magnitude and direction, take into account the geometrical information of the neighborhood, unlike other methods that simply generate displacement perpendicular to the boundary. Finally, the paper presents the design of a frame bike in order to show the good performance of the method.
Abstract
This paper presents a method for shape optimization of two-dimensional models subjected to simple or multiple load cases. The optimization is performed iteratively using evolutionary [...]
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Stability and dispersion of the problem of seismic wave propagation in 2-D using the generalized finite difference method
F. Prieto, J. Muñoz, L. Corvinos, E. Casino, Á. Acevedo

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
This paper shows the solution to the problem of seismic wave propagation in 2-D using generalized finite difference (GFD) explicit schemes. Regular and irregular meshes can be used with this method. As we are using an explicit method, it is necessary to obtain the stability condition by using the von Neumann analysis. We also obtained the star dispersion formulas for the phase velocities for the P and S waves, as well as the ones for the group velocities. As the control over the irregularity in the mesh is very important in the application of this method, we have defined an index of irregularity for the star (IIS) and another for the cloud (IIC), analyzing its relationship with the dispersion and time step used in the calculations.
Abstract
This paper shows the solution to the problem of seismic wave propagation in 2-D using generalized finite difference (GFD) explicit schemes. Regular and irregular meshes can [...]
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Modeling flow through non linear coarse porous media by a finite difference scheme, with application to rockfill dams overtopping
M. Toledo, R. Morán, H. Campos

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
Flow through coarse porous media, as rockfill, gravel or sand of big size, exhibit a non linear relation between hydraulic gradient and seepage velocity. This behavior is observed when water flows over the crest of a rockfill dam, seeps into the downstream shoulder and moves through the rockfill voids. A finite difference scheme is used here to solve this problem through numerical modeling. It is implemented in the code MNLEE.RDS for solving dam overtopping problems. In addition, a procedure is provided to solve the coupled problem of flow over and through the rockfill dam. For that purpose, the concept of «law of flow exchange»is introduced.
Abstract
Flow through coarse porous media, as rockfill, gravel or sand of big size, exhibit a non linear relation between hydraulic gradient and seepage velocity. This behavior is [...]
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Efficient calculation of formation energies of kink-pairs in BCC crystals
E. Tellechea, O. Sabri, M. Ariza

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
Motion of screw dislocations in BCC materials at low temperature is believed to be related to the formation of mobile kinks on the dislocation line. Therefore, the accurate prediction of kink nucleation energies is required to fully describe mobility of screw dislocations in these materials. Studies of fundamental dislocation processes at atomic length scale are numerically and computationally intensive problems. This work studies the calculation of zero-stress formation energies of kink-pair configurations for BCC crystals. Our model for stored energy associated to a dislocation line configuration is based on the theory of discrete dislocations of Ariza and Ortiz. Its value is computed efficiently using an algorithm developed on the NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). Results confirm those obtained using atomistic potentials and first principles calculations, and those based on the continuum theory of dislocations.
Abstract
Motion of screw dislocations in BCC materials at low temperature is believed to be related to the formation of mobile kinks on the dislocation line. Therefore, the accurate [...]
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Boundary conditions for gradient-enhanced models with smoothed displacements
E. Tamayo-Mas, A. Rodríguez-Ferran

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
Gradient-enhanced models based on regularised displacements are an alternative to standard models in order to simulate material failure. In this alternative formulation, mechanical displacements u coexist with smoothed displacements u˜, which are the solution of a diffusion-reaction equation. Analogously to regularised standard models, prescribing boundary conditions in this alternative formulation is an open problem. Nevertheless, imposing these conditions for the displacement field (rather than the internal state variable) seems to be easier to interpret. The goal of this work is to study the influence of these conditions: neither Dirichlet conditions (prescribed at the beginning) nor homogeneous Neumann conditions (reminiscence of standard gradient models) allow to obtain realistic numerical results, on the other hand, by means of non-homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, these results are physically admissible. However, these conditions do not ensure volume conservation, which is an interesting property in some constitutive models. Hence, new conditions (combined conditions) are proposed. These satisfy the necessary properties for regularisation: (a) reproducibility of order 1 (u=u˜ if u is a linear field), (b) displacement smoothing along the boundary and (c) volume preservation. In this work various two-dimensional numerical tests are carried out in order to illustrate the influence of the different boundary conditions.
Abstract
Gradient-enhanced models based on regularised displacements are an alternative to standard models in order to simulate material failure. In this alternative formulation, mechanical [...]
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Mandibular advancement devices in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
E. Soudah, M. Bordone, A. Álvarez, J. Cobo, F. Carlos, B. Suarez

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) consists in the occurrence of recurrent episodes of airflow limitation during sleep, with undesirable consequences for the health. The phenomenon is well known from a medical point of view (prognosis, diagnosis and treatment), but there is not a methodology or analysis tools for the quantification of the clinical response using Mandibular Advancement Devices (MAD). This paper shows how combining image processing, fluid dynamics and engineering design criteria, imported from other fields, allow to establish a simple analysis method clinically useful to decide the more convenient positioning of the MAD based on the pressure or mechanical movement of the jaw. This methodology is applied to a patient suffering OSAS which the objective to evaluate the changes provoked in the upper-airways due to an innovative mandibular device.
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) consists in the occurrence of recurrent episodes of airflow limitation during sleep, with undesirable consequences for the health. [...]
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Comparasion of unidimensional and bidimensional flow models for earthen dam failures
J. Soler, E. Bladé, M. Sánchez-Juny

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
The development of more and more potent computers and the recent research in the field of hidroinformatics makes possible the free surface flow modelling in two dimensions caused by earthen dam failures. In this paper, the results obtained by uni-dimensional model (HEC-RAS) and two-dimensional model (CARPA) are compared. The use of the HEC-RAS software assumes the hypothesis of unidimensionality to be true, no infiltration and existence of a minimal initial flow. The comparison is made by analyzing the effect of these hypothesis in the downstream flow hydrographs. The used models reproduce the water discharge generated by a possible failure of dam number 1 of the 5th District of the Segarra-Garrigues Irrigation Project in the Ebro river basin in Spain.
Abstract
The development of more and more potent computers and the recent research in the field of hidroinformatics makes possible the free surface flow modelling in two dimensions [...]
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An algorithm for the design of a feedforward controller in canals
J. Soler, M. Gómez, J. Rodellar

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
When it is carried out any movement of a gate or another mechanism of control of a canal in free surface flow, an answer of the flow can take a lot of time in being noticed in the place of the canal takes place in which it was generated the necessity to increase or to reduce the irrigation demand, for example. Usually, the scheduled perturbations of the flow can be programmed for a future horizon. In this manner, the control action can also be programmed. This work, it shows a feedforward control algorithm that plans the gate trajectories when the demand at offtakes are programmed in a prediction horizon. The Hydraulic Influence Matrix (HIM) or matrix of sensibility of the hydrodynamic conditions in the canals to changes in the parameters of the gate trajectories is a tool that is shown very effective in the control of canals in open loop. The work defines the concept, it presents the form of to calculate and to compile the HIM starting from the complete equations of Saint-Venant in their characteristic form. Later on, it shows up an algorithm in that HIM is used: a feedforward controller algorithm so-called GoRoSo. Known the water demands at offtakes, the algorithm calculates the optimal gate trajectories in advance for a prediction horizon with the objective of keeping constant the water depth at gravity offtakes.
Abstract
When it is carried out any movement of a gate or another mechanism of control of a canal in free surface flow, an answer of the flow can take a lot of time in being noticed [...]
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Numerical modelling of landslides in reservoirs via the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM)
F. Salazar, E. Oñate, R. Morán

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the application of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) to the analysis of landslides in reservoirs. This is a complex phenomenon, because of the interaction between the landslide, the still water in the reservoir and the dam. PFEM combines a Lagrangian approach with the solution of the governing equations of the problem using the FEM. A mesh connecting the initial set of particles (nodes) is re-generated in every time step. Some validation cases are presented, in which PFEM results are compared with experimental data. More complex calculations have been made over the actual geometry of reservoirs taken from the cartographic information of the sites. In these cases the wave generation, its propagation and dam overtopping are reproduced. Finally, Lituya bay rock slide in which 90 × 106 tons of rocks fell on the bay, generating a huge wave that caused a maximum run-up of 524 m on the opposite shore, has been simulated in 3D. The results show that PFEM is a useful tool in risk assessment related with landslides in reservoirs as it gives a good approximation to the potential affections, thus allowing the appropriate design of protection measures.
Abstract
The paper presents the results of the application of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) to the analysis of landslides in reservoirs. This is a complex phenomenon, because [...]
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Finite Elements in mixed least-squares formulation for simulating transient convection-diffusion
V. Ruas, R. Leal-Toledo, M. Kischinhevsky

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
A mixed least-squares finite element scheme designed for solving the transient convection-diffusion equations expressed in terms of both the primal unknown and its flux, incorporating or not a reaction term, is studied. Once a time discretization of the Crank-Nicholson type is performed, the resulting system of equations allows for a stable approximation of both fields, by means of classical Lagrange continuous piecewise polynomial functions of arbitrary degree, in both simplicial and non-simplicial geometry, in any space dimension. The scheme is also convergent in space in the mean-square sense as far as the primal unknown field, its gradient, the flux variable and its divergence are concerned, and in time in an appropriate sense for each one of these four fields. Numerical results certify that the scheme performs well for any Péclet number, thereby allowing to confirm theoretical predictions, at least in the case where there is no narrow boundary layer. In the latter case however the method fails to produce reliable results. The technique is also compared with three existing methods to solve the convection-diffusion equations in the transient case. These include two recent ones proposed by the first author and collaborators.
Abstract
A mixed least-squares finite element scheme designed for solving the transient convection-diffusion equations expressed in terms of both the primal unknown and its flux, incorporating [...]
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Discrete neural compensator algorithm of dynamic in mobile robots using extended Kalman filter
F. Rossomando, C. Soria, R. Carelli

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
This paper presents the design of an algorithm based on neural networks in discrete time for its application in mobile robots. In addition, the system stability is analyzed and an evaluation of the experimental results is shown. The mobile robot has two controllers, one addressed for the kinematics and the other one designed for the dynamics. Both controllers are based on the feedback linearization. The controller of the dynamics only has information of the nominal dynamics (parameters). The neural algorithm of compensation adapts its behaviour to reduce the perturbations caused by the variations in the dynamics and the model uncertainties. Thus, the differences in the dynamics between the nominal model and the real one are learned by a neural network RBF (radial basis functions) where the output weights are set using the extended Kalman filter. The neural compensation algorithm is efficient, since the consumed processing time is lower than the one required to learning the totality of the dynamics. In addition, the proposed algorithm is robust with respect to failures of the dynamic controller. In this work, a stability analysis of the adaptable neural algorithm is shown and it is demonstrated that the control errors are bounded depending on the error of approximation of the neural network RBF. Finally, the results of experiments performed by using a mobile robot are shown to test the viability in practice and the performance for the control of robots.
Abstract
This paper presents the design of an algorithm based on neural networks in discrete time for its application in mobile robots. In addition, the system stability is analyzed [...]
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Application of an evolutionary algorithm for optimizing the computational modeling of materials pyrolysis
E. Puente, M. Lázaro, O. Abreu, J. Capote, D. Alvear

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017). Vol. 33, (1)

Abstract
The pyrolysis models undergoes a fast development due to the enhancement of both the computational power and the new test used to characterize the behaviour of materials under thermal stresses, which were widely used in the field of the chemical engineering to obtain the reaction rates. Thus, these models allow us to characterize either the transient heat of material (thermal inertia) or the complete chemical scheme of mass loss processes (kinetic triplet). The pyrolysis model needs a several number of parameters what does the optimization of a suitable set of parameters a difficult task. Two kinds of materials have been investigated, the first one was a real material which mass loss process was characterized as “one-step” reaction and the second one as a “two-steps” process. Further, it has been analyzed the influence of some algorithm features (initial population number, parameter range, crossover influence) in the optimization time and also in the accuracy of results.
Abstract
The pyrolysis models undergoes a fast development due to the enhancement of both the computational power and the new test used to characterize the behaviour of materials under [...]
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Application of computational methods in the assessment of the aeroelastic response of cable supported bridges
F. Nieto, J. Jurado, S. Hernández, I. Kusano

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
The possibilities of computational methods for assessing the response of cable supported bridges under wind action are considered in this work. The main objective is to study the possibilities of substituting wind tunnel campaigns by computer based analyses, particularly at the early design stage. The preliminary proposed design for a continuous cable-stayed bridge with two main spans of 650 m and a single box girder deck has been considered as a case study. The force coefficients of the deck cross-section have been computed and the unsteady response associated to vortex-shedding has been simulated using CFD commercial software. Furthermore, an in-house piece of software has been employed to obtain the response for flutter and buffeting phenomena adopting the hybrid approach, with that purpose the experimental flutter functions of a similar box girder deck were adopted. The computational results have been validated by comparison with similar experimental results published by other researchers. It has been verified that the set of adopted methods offers reliable results with moderate costs, therefore, the proposed approach is very suitable at the early design stage of long span bridges or at conceptual design works.
Abstract
The possibilities of computational methods for assessing the response of cable supported bridges under wind action are considered in this work. The main objective is to study [...]
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On the use of Cartesian grid finite element code in structural optimization
E. Nadal, J. Ródenas, E. Sánchez-Orgaz, S. López-Real, J. Martí-Pellicer

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).
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Analysis of laminated beams using the natural neighbour radial point interpolation method
S. Moreira, J. Belinha, L. Dinis, R. Jorge

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
In this work, a meshless method, “natural neighbour radial point interpolation method” (NNRPIM), is applied to the one‐dimensional analysis of laminated beams, considering the theory of Timoshenko. The NNRPIM combines the mathematical concept of natural neighbours with the radial point interpolation. Voronoï diagrams allows to impose the nodal connectivity and the construction of a background mesh for integration purposes, via influence cells. The construction of the NNRPIM interpolation functions is shown, and, for this, it is used the multiquadratic radial basis function. The generated interpolation functions possess infinite continuity and the delta Kronecker property, which facilitates the enforcement of boundary conditions, since these can be directly imposed, as in the finite element method (FEM). In order to obtain the displacements and the deformation fields, it is considered the Timoshenko theory for beams under transverse efforts. Several numerical examples of isotropic beams and laminated beams are presented in order to demonstrate the convergence and accuracy of the proposed application. The results obtained are compared with analytical solutions available in the literature.
Abstract
In this work, a meshless method, “natural neighbour radial point interpolation method” (NNRPIM), is applied to the one‐dimensional analysis of laminated beams, considering [...]
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The concept hyperbeam as generalization of 1-dimensional models in rod elastostatics
S. Monleón, C. Lázaro

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the general formulation of linear problems in rod elastostatics, and with the identification of their common formal and structural features, valid for every kinematical hypothesis. The generalized variables (section forces and generalized deformations) defining the 1-dimensional model are introduced in a consistent and natural way, through a convenient factorization of the density of complementary potential energy, for every kinematical constraint which can be expressed as a linear combination of the generalized displacements. The identification of this complementary energy function with the Hamiltonian functional of analytical mechanics allows a systematic procedure to construct the equations which rule this class of problems. In this frame, the main target is to establish the required conditions to write the rod equilibrium equations in a purely statical form (with no interplay of kinematical variables). We primarily conclude that this is possible when the kinematics of the cross-sections is constrained to a rigid body movement. As a consequence, the concept of hyperbeam is proposed in order to define those models with deformation modes beyond rigid body movements of the cross section: in them, section forces and generalized displacements are coupled in the equilibrium equations. This is related to the idea of local static indeterminacy (hyperstaticity ) and justifies the new name.
Abstract
This paper is concerned with the general formulation of linear problems in rod elastostatics, and with the identification of their common formal and structural features, valid [...]
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Adaptive scheme for three-dimensional convection – diffusion problems
L. Monforte, A. Pérez-Foguet

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
We present an adaptive scheme for three-dimensional convection-diffusion problems discretized by the Finite Element Method. The adaptive scheme is based on a remeshing strategy that applies a maximum volume constraint to the elements of a reference mesh. The remeshing can increase or decrease drastically the size of the elements in a single step automatically. With this strategy, the mesh quality does not deteriorate, as a consequence, the number of iterations required to solve the system of linear equations using iterative algorithms is kept constant. Two examples of very different characteristics are presented in order to analyze the proposal for a wide range of situations. The first is a three-dimensional extension of the Smolarkiewicz problem and the second is a simplified version of a point source pollutant transport problem. The results show the flexibility of the proposal. An optimal remeshing frequency, from a computational cost and accuracy of the results point of view, can be defined for both kinds of problems.
Abstract
We present an adaptive scheme for three-dimensional convection-diffusion problems discretized by the Finite Element Method. The adaptive scheme is based on a remeshing strategy [...]
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Numerical-experimental study of the FRP-epoxy-concrete interface for reinforced structures under double shear
M. Molina, J. Cruz, S. Oller, A. Barbat, L. Gil

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
The strengthening of concrete structures with laminates of carbon fibers CFRP (Carbon Fibers Reinforced Polymer) began in the 1980s. Nowdays, this technology is one of the most promising one because of the good mechanical properties of laminates and their easy hand-work. Laminates are bonded to the concrete structure by means of epoxy resins. The load-carrying capacity of the strengthening depends directly on the proper behavior of the interface laminate-concrete. While the concrete is capable of transferring stresses to the laminate, this one becomes in charge and collaborates to the strength mechanism of the structure. The safety factor of the reinforcement can be guaranteed if we can predict the behavior at the interface between both materials. In this work we present a pure shear test and a simulation three-dimensional to characterize the behavior of the interface between the laminate and the concrete.
Abstract
The strengthening of concrete structures with laminates of carbon fibers CFRP (Carbon Fibers Reinforced Polymer) began in the 1980s. Nowdays, this technology is one of the [...]
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A proper generalized decomposition strategy for dynamic data driven application systems
F. Masson, D. González, E. Cueto, F. Chinesta

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) appear as a new paradigm in the field of applied sciences and engineering, and in particular in simulation-based engineering sciences. By DDDAS we mean a set of techniques that allow the linkage of simulation tools with measurement devices for real-time control of systems and processes. DDDAS entails the ability to dynamically incorporate additional data into an executing application, and in reverse, the ability of an application to dynamically steer the measurement process. DDDAS needs for accurate and fast simulation tools making use if possible of off-line computations for limiting as possible the on-line computations. We could define efficient solvers by introducing all the sources of variability as extra-coordinates in order to solve off-line only once the model to obtain its most general solution to be then considered in on-line purposes. However, such models result defined in highly multidimensional spaces suffering the so-called curse of dimensionality. We proposed recently a technique, the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD), able to circumvent the redoubtable curse of dimensionality. The marriage of DDDAS concepts and tools and PGD off-line computations could open unimaginable possibilities in the field of dynamics data-driven application systems. In this work we explore some possibilities in the context of parameter estimation.
Abstract
Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) appear as a new paradigm in the field of applied sciences and engineering, and in particular in simulation-based engineering [...]
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Mixed optimization of power transmission structures: An application of the simulated annealing algorithm
S. Martínez, J. París, I. Colominas, F. Navarrina, M. Casteleiro

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
A general methodology to optimize the weight of power transmission structures is presented in this article. This methodology is based on the simulated annealing algorithm defined by Kirkpatrick in the early ‘80s. This algorithm consists of a stochastic approach that allows to explore and analyze solutions that do not improve the objective function in order to develop a better exploration of the design region and to obtain the global optimum. The proposed algorithm allows to consider the discrete behavior of the sectional variables for each element and the continuous behavior of the general geometry variables. Thus, an optimization methodology that can deal with a mixed optimization problem and includes both continuum and discrete design variables is developed. In addition, it does not require to study all the possible design combinations defined by discrete design variables. The algorithm proposed usually requires to develop a large number of simulations (structural analysis in this case) in practical applications. Thus, the authors have developed first order Taylor expansions and the first order sensitivity analysis involved in order to reduce the CPU time required. Exterior penalty functions have been also included to deal with the design constraints. Thus, the general methodology proposed allows to optimize real power transmission structures in acceptable CPU time.
Abstract
A general methodology to optimize the weight of power transmission structures is presented in this article. This methodology is based on the simulated annealing algorithm [...]
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Prediction of crack propagation via local constitutive models with a scheme to track the discontinuity path
O. Manzoli

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
Estudam-se os aspectos referentes à qualidade e objetividade das respostas obtidas com as diferentes formulações (simétrica e não-simétrica) de elementos incorporados com descontinuidade forte regularizada, assim como com a abordagem contínua (distribuída), combinando-se a lei de abrandamento dependente do tamanho do elemento com um esquema de construção progressiva da trajetória de descontinuidade. O estudo é realizado com base nos conceitos de consistência cinemática e estática das formulações de elementos com descontinuidade incorporada.
Abstract
Estudam-se os aspectos referentes à qualidade e objetividade das respostas obtidas com as diferentes formulações (simétrica e não-simétrica) de elementos incorporados [...]
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Numerical solution of the equations of motion of multi-story buildings with severe nonlinearities
F. López-Almansa, S. Oller

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
This paper presents a new algorithm for solving the equations of motion of multi-storey buildings that incorporate frictional energy dissipators as seismic protection. The behavior of the dissipators is represented by Coulomb dry friction models, they introduce severe nonlinearities in the dynamic behavior of the structure every time that the contact conditions (stick or slip) change in the dissipators. These nonlinearities complicate the resolution of the equations of motion as it usually is described by lumped masses models whose degrees of freedom are the displacements of the floors and, as the stick or slip conditions change, the degrees of freedom must be modified: for blocking conditions they are only the displacements of the storeys while under sliding conditions the displacements of the dissipators have to be also considered. In previous articles the accuracy of the proposed algorithm has been verified by comparison with experimental results, as well, the computational efficiency of the algorithm has been confirmed by comparing the required resources (in terms of computation time and of memory allocation) with those of other algorithms. The objectives of this paper are to describe in detail the numerical solution of the equations of motion and present representative examples confirming the ability of the algorithm to reproduce the dynamic behavior of buildings with friction dissipators and reporting preliminarily about the usefulness of such devices to reduce the oscillations of the structure to be protected.
Abstract
This paper presents a new algorithm for solving the equations of motion of multi-storey buildings that incorporate frictional energy dissipators as seismic protection. The [...]
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On the need for the use of error-controlled finite element analyses in structural shape optimization processes with evolutionary algorithms
J. Ródenas, G. Bugeda, J. Albelda, E. Oñate, E. Nadal

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
This work analyzes the influence of the discretization error contained in the Finite Element (FE) analyses of each design configuration proposed by the structural shape optimization algorithms over the behavior of the algorithm. The paper clearly shows that if FE analyses are not accurate enough, the final solution provided by the optimization algorithm will neither be optimal nor satisfy the constraints. The need for the use of adaptive FE analysis techniques in shape optimum design will be shown. The paper proposes the combination of two strategies to reduce the computational cost related to the use of mesh adaptivity in evolutionary optimization algorithms: (a) the use of the algorithm described by Bugeda et al. [1] which reduces the computational cost associated to the adaptive FE analysis of each geometrical configuration and, (b) the successive increase of the required accuracy of the FE analyses in order to obtain a considerable reduction of the computational cost in the early stages of the optimization process.
Abstract
This work analyzes the influence of the discretization error contained in the Finite Element (FE) analyses of each design configuration proposed by the structural shape optimization [...]
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Efficient implementation of a semi-recursive formulation for the dynamics of large size multibody systems
A. Hidalgo, J. Jalón

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
This article shows an efficient implementation of a dynamic semi-recursive formulation for large and complex multibody system simulations, with interesting applications in the automotive field and especially with industrial vehicles. These systems tend to have a huge amount of kinematic constraints, becoming usual the presence of redundant but compatible systems of equations. The maths involved in the solution of these problems have a high computational cost, making very challenging to achieve real-time simulations. In this article, two implementations to increase the efficiency of these computations will be shown. The difference between them is the way they consider the Jacobian matrix of the constraint equations. The first one treats this matrix as a dense one, using the BLAS functions to solve the system of equations. The second one takes into account the sparse pattern of the Jacobian matrix, introducing the sparse function MA48 from Harwell. Both methodologies have been applied on two multibody system models with different sizes. The first model is a vehicle IVECO DAILY 35C15 with 17 degrees of freedom. The second one is a semi-trailer truck with 40 degrees of freedom. Taking as a reference the standard C/C + + implementation, the efficiency improvements that have been achieved using dense matrices (BLAS) have been of 15% and 50% respectively. The results in the first model have not improved significantly by using sparse matrices, but in the second one, the times with sparse matrices have been reduced 8% with respect to the BLAS ones.
Abstract
This article shows an efficient implementation of a dynamic semi-recursive formulation for large and complex multibody system simulations, with interesting applications in [...]
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A probabilistic formulation of optimality criteria using the principle of maximum entropy
S. Hernández, J. Díaz, A. Baldomir, F. Pereira

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
This work reviews A. B. Templemans research in the maximum entropy principle applied to structural optimization, which consists in defining a probabilistic approach for the optimality criteria. This new reasoning does not assume aprioristically which conditions could be active in the optimum point, giving a completely rational point of view to the optimization problem. After reviewing the state of the art, a new formulation, which simplifies and improves previous methodologies, is developed. This new method turns the optimization problem into solving successively systems of equations with the same dimension as the number of design variables. Since this algorithm requires obtaining first order sensitivities, it can be considered as a new gradient method. After the theoretical description, the algorithm is tested with two examples of truss structures. Results show a good performance of the algorithm, based on comparisons with other alternatives found in the literature.
Abstract
This work reviews A. B. Templemans research in the maximum entropy principle applied to structural optimization, which consists in defining a probabilistic approach for the [...]
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A robust optimization hybrid algorithm for solving the direct kinematics of the general Gough-Stewart platform
E. Hernández-Martínez, S. Valdez-Peña, E. Sánchez-Soto

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
The direct kinematics problem for parallel robots can be stated as follows: given values of the joint variables, the corresponding Cartesian variable values, the pose of the end-effector, must be found. Most of the times the direct kinematics problem involves the solution of a system of non-linear equations. The most efficient methods to solve such kind of equations assume convexity in a cost function which minimum is the solution of the non-linear system. In consequence, the capacity of such methods depends on the knowledge about an starting point which neighboring region is convex, hence the method can find the global minimum. This article propose a method based on probabilistic learning about an adequate starting point for the Dogleg method which assumes local convexity of the function. The proposed method efficiently avoids the local minima, without need of human intervention or apriori knowledge, thus it shows a more robust performance than the simple Dogleg method or other gradient based methods. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed hybrid method, numerical experiments and the respective discussion are presented. The proposal can be extended to other structures of closed-kinematics chains, to the general solution of systems of non-linear equations, and to the minimization of non-linear functions.
Abstract
The direct kinematics problem for parallel robots can be stated as follows: given values of the joint variables, the corresponding Cartesian variable values, the pose of the [...]
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Solution on square domains of reaction-convection-diffusion equations using spectral stochastic finite element and streamline upwind Galerkin Petrov
D. Garzón-Alvarado, A. Ramírez-Martínez, C. Daza

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
In this paper we have developed the numerical solution of two problems of diffusion-convection (DC), using the finite element method of Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG). The parameters that define the behavior of the equations are modeled as stochastic fields, specifically, are used: the convective velocity, diffusion and heat capacity as values of random type. Therefore, we have included SUPG method to DC, with dominant convection, with the stochastic spectral finite element method. Each parameter was described by Karhunen-Loève expansion, while the unknown is represented by the polynomial expansion of the chaos. The objectives of the paper are: 1. To study the influence of stochastic fields in solving problems with SUPG DC and 2. Get the solution of each expansion unknown variable. The results show the versatility of the method for solving different physical problems due to the generality of the statistical description of the solution and the richness in the representation of the areas where there is the greater variability in response. The patterns shown in the unknown uncertainty depends on the dynamics of diffusion, convective velocity and the type of solution used.
Abstract
In this paper we have developed the numerical solution of two problems of diffusion-convection (DC), using the finite element method of Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG). [...]
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Optimum sizing of launching nose of prestressed concrete bridges
A. Fontán, S. Hernández, A. Baldomir, J. Díaz

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
The design of the launching nose of an incrementally launched bridge determines its constructive process and, therefore, also its dimensions. The optimization of the launching nose can raise as a first step to improve the design of a launched bridge. The conventional design process of a launching nose is based on trial and error method to reduce bending moment of prestressed concrete deck at the foremost support during launch. In this way, there is no guarantee that the obtained solution is the best among all the possible solutions since they all depend on the experience and intuition of a designer, and they are also restricted by a limited number of possible iterations. Given that launched bridges constitute an important constructive typology, all the available capacities of design innovation should be incorporated, among which it can be found numerical optimization. This research work proposes an objective and rigorous formulation to optimize a launching nose of launched bridge under real constraints that a bridge designer can encounter in practice. Comparing the results obtained by conventional process and that by optimization techniques, it can be verified that some of the assumptions, considered in classical design methods of a launching nose, are not based on any theoretical foundation. This fact demonstrates the utility of numerical optimization to improve a design.
Abstract
The design of the launching nose of an incrementally launched bridge determines its constructive process and, therefore, also its dimensions. The optimization of the launching [...]
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A Solid finite element with an improvement in the transverse shear behavior for shell analysis
F. Flores, E. Oñate

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
In this work a solid finite element based on a Total Lagrangian Formulation using logarithmic strains is combined with a classical assumed strain approach of the transverse strains for thick shells. The target is to use the element for shell simulations without shear locking. The selective mass scaling technique used to avoid that the discretization across the thickness reduce the critical time in codes with explicit integration of the momentum equations is summarized. Several examples are presented showing that the element is shear-locking free, the consequences of the selective mass scaling and the possibilities of the element for the analysis of composites laminates in non-linear material regime.
Abstract
In this work a solid finite element based on a Total Lagrangian Formulation using logarithmic strains is combined with a classical assumed strain approach of the transverse [...]
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Turing patterns formation on surfaces under deformation: A total lagrangian method approach
C. Duque-Daza, A. Ramirez, D. Garzón-Alvarado

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
In this work we have developed several numerical examples of reaction-diffusion equations with growing domain. For this purpose we have used the Schnakenberg reaction model with parameters in space Turing. Therefore numerical tests are performed on the appearance of Turing patterns on surfaces that have high deformation rate. For the solution of reaction diffusion equations is presented a solution method on surfaces in three dimensions using the finite element method under the use of the total Lagrangian formulation. The results show that the formation of Turing patterns depends on the features of surface deformation and the rate at which change in position of each point of the domain. These results can explain some phenomena of change of pattern on the surface of the skin of animals that exhibit characteristic spots.
Abstract
In this work we have developed several numerical examples of reaction-diffusion equations with growing domain. For this purpose we have used the Schnakenberg reaction model [...]
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Numeric validation of the cyclic behaviour of interior connections in waffle-flat-plate structures
J. Donaire-Ávila, A. Benavent-Climent

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
Several approaches are investigated to model interior reinforced concrete waffle-flat-plate-column connections. A model is proposed that provides very good results with reasonable low computational cost. The proposed model is validated with the experimental results obtained on a 3/5 scale specimen, subjected to quasi-static in cyclic loads up to collapse. To this end, the non-linear advanced theory of reinforced concrete is applied on a three-dimensional finite element model and non-linear analysis are conducted. Both fiber and layer elements are used for the one-dimensional and bi-dimensional components respectively. The main results of the simulation were: (i) the capacity curve obtained through out a push-over analysis with displacement control, (ii) the hysteretic curves of the slab, and (iii) the crack patterns. A very good agreement is found between numerical and experimental results.
Abstract
Several approaches are investigated to model interior reinforced concrete waffle-flat-plate-column connections. A model is proposed that provides very good results with reasonable [...]
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Developement of a computational tool for the analysis of reinforced concrete membrane elements
R. Souza

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
Reinforced concrete elements subjected to membrane forces, i.e., elements subjected to in-plane shear and axial stresses are very common for modeling complex structures such as aircraft hangars, nuclear power plants, offshore oil platforms and long-span bridges. While the design of reinforcement for membrane elements is well adressed the same can not be said regarding the analysis of performance of these elements. Into this context, the present paper aims at providing a numerical tool developed in the Matlab platform, taking into account the “Modified Compression Field Theory”. In order to certificate the performance of the proposed tool, extensive numerical results were compared with experimental results available in the literature. The obtained results revealed that the proposed tool is very confident for the analysis of reinforced concrete membrane elements.
Abstract
Reinforced concrete elements subjected to membrane forces, i.e., elements subjected to in-plane shear and axial stresses are very common for modeling complex structures such [...]
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A numerical model for the simulation of precipitates dissolution of hardened aluminium alloys using neural networks
C. Saracibar, R. López, B. Ducoeur, M. Chiumenti, B. Meester

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
The motivation of this work is the modeling of the hardening precipitate and hardness evolutions of fully hardened heat treatable aluminium alloys during friction stir welding (FSW) and/or heat treatment processes. The model used is based on the kinetics of dissolution of precipitates model for hardened aluminium alloys given by Myhr and Grong (1991). This model contains a single independent variable, the time, and a single state variable, the volume fraction of hardening precipitates. A key point of this model is the identification of the effective activation energy for precipitates dissolution and the master curve defining the model, which was given by a look-up table. The goal of this work is to find an estimation of the effective activation energy and to model the dissolution rate of hardening precipitate in aluminium alloys using neural networks, avoiding the use of look-up tables. For this purpose a new and more convenient parametrization of the master curve is defined, a neural networks class is proposed, an objective functional is defined and a variational problem including independent parameters is solved. The novel methodology has been applied to different aluminium alloys, including the AA 6005A T6, AA 7449 T79 and AA 2198 T8. Experimental tests have been carried out for those aluminium alloys in order to get the HV1 hardness after isothermal heat treatments at different temperatures and for different treatment time durations. The effective activation energy for hardening precipitates dissolution and the master curve of the model have been obtained, using different network architectures, for the aluminium alloys considered in this work.
Abstract
The motivation of this work is the modeling of the hardening precipitate and hardness evolutions of fully hardened heat treatable aluminium alloys during friction stir welding [...]
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Switching implicit-explicit numerical technique for nonlinear unstable structures
J. Curiel-Sosa, D. Owen

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
Simulation problems involving non-linear materials imply in numerous cases divergence of the implicit method which use return mapping algorithms for modelling of the nonlinear response. A switching implicit-explicit numerical technique in the context of Finite Element Methods is presented in this paper. Implicit/explicit mesh partitions are not considered whatsoever. Formulation for application to nonlinear hyperelastic materials and nonlinear elastic-plastic materials is provided. Furthermore, the response of the solid subjected to large deformations is presented and is embedded in the proposed technique. Numerical tests for nonlinear problems (geometric and/or material) showed the accurateness of the technique.
Abstract
Simulation problems involving non-linear materials imply in numerous cases divergence of the implicit method which use return mapping algorithms for modelling of the nonlinear [...]
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Steel compression design: the bucklings weigth
J. Cervera, J. Ortiz, M. Vázquez, A. Aznar

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
The verification of the slender compressed members of a structure is a well formulated and codified problem. However, the non-linearity of the design process, combined with the no linearity of the physical problem requires an iterative process to define the piece that solves a given problem. This paper demonstrates an identity relationship between seemingly different problems, based on which we develop a theoretical approach and a simple procedure to determine, without iteration and with little margin for error, the piece needed for a given problem. The paper provides a statistical model to check that the provided procedure is safe and effective in the 98% of the problems in buildings —pillars and bars from trusses—. The presented approach therefore greatly facilitates decisions in this area.
Abstract
The verification of the slender compressed members of a structure is a well formulated and codified problem. However, the non-linearity of the design process, combined with [...]
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A mortar contact algorithm for three-dimensional elasticity problems
F. Cavalieri, V. Fachinotti, A. Cardona

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
In this paper we propose a mortar algorithm for the study of contact mechanics in three dimensional elasticity problems. The projection surface used for integrating the equations is selected through a local cartesiana base defined in each contact element. In this way, some difficulties in the algorithm implementation as well as in the linearization of the equations are avoided. The proposed examples show that the algorithm satisfies the patch tests. Finally, we use the algorithm in an industrial application, the contact of an internal combustion engine valve with its seat.
Abstract
In this paper we propose a mortar algorithm for the study of contact mechanics in three dimensional elasticity problems. The projection surface used for integrating the equations [...]
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Efficient geometric framework for 3D images modeling
M. Castilla, M. Ordóñez

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
The objective of this paper is exploring implementation of a realistic images reconstruction 3D using geometric algebra (GA). We illustrate the suitability of GA for representing structures and developing algorithms in computer graphics, especially for engineering applications as 3D images modeling. A first consequence is to propose an efficient framework model to be implemented in hardware programmable. The obtained results showed that using GA, the computations are less complex and shows as simple computations geometrical operations. The obtained model to hardware can be implemented as a next step in 3D image reconstruction. We also include the potential of GA for optimizations and highly efficient implementations.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is exploring implementation of a realistic images reconstruction 3D using geometric algebra (GA). We illustrate the suitability of GA for representing [...]
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A shock-capturing method based on shape functions for high order discontinuous Galerkin
E. Casoni, J. Peraire, A. Huerta

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
This article presents a high-order Discontinuous Galerkin method for compressible flow problems, in which is very frequent the formation of shocks. The stabilization is introduced by a new basis functions. This base has the flexibility to vary locally (within each element) between continuous polynomial functions space and a space of piecewise polynomial functions. Thus, the proposed method provides a bridge between the standard methods of high-order Discontinuous Galerkin and classical Finite Volume methods, maintaining the locality and compactness of the scheme. The variation of basis functions is automatically set according to the regularity of the solution and the stabilization is introduced by the jump operator, standard in Discontinuous Galerkin methods. Unlike the classical methods of slope limiting, the strategy here presented is very local, robust, and applies to any order of approximation. Moreover, the proposed method does not require adaptive mesh refinement techniques and it can be used with any temporal integration scheme. Several applications of the Euler equations are shown, demonstrating the validity and effectiveness of the method, especially for high orders of approximation.
Abstract
This article presents a high-order Discontinuous Galerkin method for compressible flow problems, in which is very frequent the formation of shocks. The stabilization is introduced [...]
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Structural stability in elastoplastic 2D frames
M. Cacho-Pérez, P. López-Reyes, A. Lorenzana, J. Terán

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
The evaluation of the maximum level of load that any 2D framed structure can undergo, before plastic collapse or buckling, is addressed in this paper. The analytical approach, based on a beam element with elastic behaviour except on its ends, uses an incremental approach to determine when changes appear due to plastic behaviour. When the combination of axial force and bending moment in any cross-section reaches the plastic function, that section is considered to yield suddenly and relative displacements can appear because of the yielding. The model includes the traditional plastic hinge, which only considers relative rotation due to the effect of the bending moment. The sequential loading and yielding reduces the stiffness and stability of the frame, which is computed and compared with the classic plastic methods of analysis.
Abstract
The evaluation of the maximum level of load that any 2D framed structure can undergo, before plastic collapse or buckling, is addressed in this paper. The analytical approach, [...]
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An extension of Nelder-Mead method to nonlinear mixed-integer optimization problems
E. Brea

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
This article presents a new algorithm based on the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithmic method for identifying a local optimum, at least on unconstrained nonlinear mixed-integer problems. The algorithmic method, Integer Mixed Simplex Algorithm (IMSA), so called by the author, is based on a double simplex structure, which is composed of a real n -dimensional simplex structure (real simplex) and an integer n -dimensional simplex structure (integer simplex). The original Nelder-Mead operations are applied on the real simplex. Meanwhile, a novel group of operations are applied on the integer simplex. This new set of operations, together with the original Nelder-Mead operations, guarantee a new trail point at each IMSA iteration in the search of the local optimum in the integer real mixed 2n -dimensional numerical field ℝn×ℤn without the need of integer to real conversions.
Abstract
This article presents a new algorithm based on the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithmic method for identifying a local optimum, at least on unconstrained nonlinear mixed-integer [...]
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Iber — River modelling simulation tool
E. Bladé, L. Cea, G. Corestein, E. Escolano, J. Puertas, E. Vázquez-Cendón, J. Dolz, A. Coll

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
The recent requirements of Spanish regulations and directives, on their turn based on European directives, have led to the development of a new two dimensional open channel flow modelling tool. The tool, named Iber, combines a hydrodynamic module, a turbulence module and a sediment transport module, and is based in the finite volume method to solve the involved equations. The simulation code has been integrated in a pre-process and post-process interface based on GiD software, developed by CIMNE. The result is a flow and sediment modelling system for rivers and estuaries that uses advanced numerical schemes, robust and stable, which are especially suitable for discontinuous flows taking place in torrential and hydrologically irregular rivers.
Abstract
The recent requirements of Spanish regulations and directives, on their turn based on European directives, have led to the development of a new two dimensional open channel [...]
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Explicit time integration with large time steps for the heat flow equations
P. Becker, N. Nigro, S. Idelsohn

Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería (2017).

Abstract
We present a novel fully explicit time integration method that remains stable for large time steps, requires neither matrix inversions nor solving a system of equations and therefore allows for nearly effort-less parallelization. In this first paper the proposed approach is applied to solve conduction heat transfer problems, showing that it is stable for any time step as is the case with implicit methods but with a much lower computation time.
Abstract
We present a novel fully explicit time integration method that remains stable for large time steps, requires neither matrix inversions nor solving a system of equations and [...]
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Effects of two different degrees of lateral-wedge insoles on unilateral lower extremity load-bearing line in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis
B. Yılmaz, S. Kesikburun, O. Köroğlu, E. Yaşar, A. Göktepe, K. Yazıcıoğlu

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of 5 and 10° lateral-wedge insoles on unilateral lower extremity load carrying line in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis using the L.A.S.A.R. posture alignment system. Twenty subjects (10 females and 10 males, mean age 67.7 ± 5.4 years (range: 58–78) with bilateral medial knee osteoarthritis were included in the study. The laser line projected on the person by the L.A.S.A.R. posture alignment system showed joint load carrying line. The location of the joint load carrying line in static standing with one foot on the force plate was assessed with barefoot, and 5° and 10° lateral-wedge insoles. Displacement of the load carrying line was measured using a ruler placed tangentially to the patella at the level of joint line. The load carrying lines measured with 5° and 10° lateral-wedge insoles were significantly laterally located compared to that without wearing insole (p < 0.001). 10° lateral-wedge insole caused a significant more lateral shifting of the load carrying line than 5° lateral-wedge insole (p < 0.001). Both wedge insoles was effective in moving of the unilateral lower extremity load carrying line to the lateral. Lateral wedged insoles are biomechanically effective and reduce loading of the medial compartment in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of 5 and 10° lateral-wedge insoles on unilateral lower extremity load carrying line in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis [...]
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Cartilage repair strategies in the knee: A survey of Turkish surgeons
N. Elmalı, R. Tandoğan, M. Demirel, M. Bozkurt, T. Beyzadeoglu

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends in cartilage repair strategies among Turkish orthopedic surgeons for isolated focal (osteo)chondral lesions of the knee joint. A web-based survey of 21 questions consisting of surgical indications, techniques and time to return to sports was developed to investigate the preferences of members of the TOTBID and the TUSYAD. A total of 147 surgeons answered the questionnaire.70% of the respondents were TUSYAD members. 82% of respondents had at least five years experience in arthroscopy. Half of the surgeons indicated that patient age of 50 was the upper limit for cartilage repair. Irrespective of activity level, microfracture (60–67%) was the most frequently used technique for lesions smaller 2.5 cm2 . In lesions larger than 4 cm2, MACI was the most commonly advocated procedure (67%). In patients with high activity levels, mosaicplasty was the first choice (69%) for lesions between 2.5 and 4 cm2 in size, followed by MACI (27%). Patient age, activity level, BMI and lesion size were important determinants for the choice of treatment of isolated chondral lesions in the knee. These results reflect the choices of experienced knee surgeons in the country. Although not widely performed in Turkey and has limited reimbursement by the health care system, the first choice for defects over 4 cm2 was second generation ACI. Third party payers & health reimbursement authorities should take into account that large defects require methods which are relatively expensive and need high technology. Cross-sectional survey, Level II.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends in cartilage repair strategies among Turkish orthopedic surgeons for isolated focal (osteo)chondral lesions of the knee [...]
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Influence of patient training on persistence, compliance, and tolerability of different dosing frequency regimens of bisphosphonate therapy: An observational study in Turkish patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis
Ü. Akarırmak, H. Koçyiğit, N. Eskiyurt, S. Esmaeilzadeh, Ö. Kuru, E. Yalçinkaya, Ö. Peker, A. Ekim, N. Özgirgin, M. Çalış, A. Rezvani, A. Çevikol, S. Eyigör, Ö. Şendur, J. İrdesel

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
In our study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of training on compliance and persistence with bisphosphonate treatment given on a weekly vs. monthly basis in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. A total of 979 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (mean age: 63.2 ± 7.2 years) were included in this national, multicenter, prospective non-interventional observational cohort registry study. Patients were randomized into training (n = 492, 50.3%, mean age: 63.4 ± 7.2 years) and control (n = 487, 49.7%, mean age: 63.0 ± 7.1 years) groups. Patients in each intervention group were given weekly (44.9% and 44.6% for training and control subjects, respectively) or monthly (55.1% and 55.4%, respectively) bisphosphonate regimens. After the initial visit, patients were followed up at three-month intervals throughout 12 months of treatment for evaluation of persistence, compliance and adverse events. On average, 79.4% of the patients were persistent with the treatment with a mean of 350.4 days of duration during the 12-month follow-up period. The mean compliance in the compliant and fully compliant group remained at an average of 86.6%. No significant difference was detected between the training and control groups in terms of compliance and persistence. Significantly longer persistence (360.0 ± 89.0 vs. 345.0 ± 108.0 days, p = 0.035), higher percentage of persistent patients (83.4% vs. 74.2%, p = 0.012) and higher compliance rates (88.8% vs. 83.3%, p = 0.002) were noted in monthly regimen patients in comparison to those given weekly regimen. Our findings revealed remarkably high rates for persistence and compliance with bisphosphonate treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis, with no impact of training on compliance and persistence rates. Longer persistence and better compliance rates were achieved with the monthly bisphosphonate regimen when compared to the weekly regimen.
Abstract
In our study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of training on compliance and persistence with bisphosphonate treatment given on a weekly vs. monthly basis in postmenopausal [...]
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A giant clear cell sarcoma on right scapular: A case report
X. Zhang, C. Hu, L. Cai

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
Clear-cell sarcoma is a rare and malignant soft tissue tumor most commonly located at the distal end of extremities and rarely at the trunk. Data on the clinical features of the tumor is limited, complicating the analysis of prognosis and establishment of treatment protocols. In our study, we present a case diagnosed with clear-cell sarcoma in his right scapula and treated with tumor resection and chemotherapy, combination of dacarbazine, pharmorubicin and cisplatin. The patient died due to multiple organ failure eight months after operation. Early diagnosis, attentive care, and extended surgical resection combined with adjuvant therapy is of essence in treatment of clear-cell sarcoma.
Abstract
Clear-cell sarcoma is a rare and malignant soft tissue tumor most commonly located at the distal end of extremities and rarely at the trunk. Data on the clinical features [...]
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A mini-invasive procedure for treating arthrofibrosis of the knee
H. Xu, J. Ying

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to introduce the results of a novel mini-invasive operative technique comprising mini-incision release, “pie-crusting” lengthening of the quadriceps extensor, and arthroscopic lysis in severe arthrofibrotic knees. From 2010 to 2014, 17 patients (12 males and 5 females with a mean age of 44 years (range, 19–62 years)) with severely arthrofibrotic knees were treated with this operative technique. The mean follow-up duration was 23 months. The knee range of motion (ROM) was assessed with a goniometer. The functional outcomes were evaluated according to the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score and Judets criteria. The ROM significantly improved from 29.7° (range, 7°–56°) preoperatively to 127° (range, 120°–136°) at the final follow-up in all patients (p < 0.001). According to Judets criteria, all patients achieved excellent results (ROM > 100°). The HSS score was improved from 70 points (range, 60–85 points) preoperatively to 91 points (range, 84–98 points) (p < 0.001) at the final follow-up. No extension lag, skin necrosis, quadriceps weakness, wound dehiscence or quadriceps tendon rupture occurred. Mini-invasive quadricepsplasty-associated arthroscopic lysis and manipulation of the knee in flexion is simple and easy and should be considered as a legitimate treatment for arthrofibrosis of the knee.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to introduce the results of a novel mini-invasive operative technique comprising mini-incision release, “pie-crusting” lengthening of the quadriceps [...]
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Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS)
E. Turhan, M. Demirel, A. Daylak, G. Huri, M. Doral, D. Çelik

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) into Turkish and to assess its reliability and validity. The Turkish version of the OMAS (OMAS-Tr) was developed after the translation and back-translation, which included the stages recommended by Beaton. The OMAS-Tr was administered to one hundred patients (49 females, 51 males, average age: 42.3 ± 17.7, range 16–81 years) with malleolar fractures. The OMAS-Tr was completed twice by each participant at 7- to 10-days intervals to assess test-retest reliability based on the interrater correlation coefficient, whereas Cronbachs alpha evaluated internal consistency. The external validity was evaluated with correlations between the Turkish version of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and the Turkish version of the SF-12 questionnaire. The distribution of floor and ceiling effects was also analyzed. The internal consistency (Cronbachs α = 0.84) and the test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.98) were excellent. The mean interval between the two tests was 8.6 ± 1.4 days. The mean and standard deviation of the first and second assessments of the OMAS-Tr were 74.1 ± 23.7 and 75.7 ± 23.9, respectively. There was a strong correlation between the OMAS-Tr and the FAAM subscales on activities of daily living and sports (r = 0.86, r = 0.83, p < 0.001, respectively). The OMAS-Tr displayed very good to good correlation with the SF-12 physical component score and the SF-12 mental component score (r = 0.72, r = 0.60, p < 0.001, respectively). OMAS-Tr was a valid and reliable tool to assess ankle fracture-related problems. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to assess its responsiveness. Level III, diagnostic study.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) into Turkish and to assess its reliability and validity. The Turkish version [...]
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Patellar tendon mechanical properties change with gender, body mass index and quadriceps femoris muscle strength
S. Taş, S. Yılmaz, M. Onur, A. Soylu, O. Altuntaş, F. Korkusuz

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the effect and correlation of gender, body mass index (BMI) and quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle strength on patellar tendon (PT) thickness and stiffness in healthy sedentary individuals. This study was carried out with 67 (36 female, 31 male) healthy sedentary individuals between the ages of 18–44 (28.0 ± 7.5 years). The individuals included in the study were divided into two groups according to their gender and BMI (18.5 < BMI < 25 and 25 < BMI). The body composition was determined with Tanita Body Composition Analyser. PT thickness and stiffness was measured with ACUSON S3000 Ultrasonography Device using 9L4 ultrasonography probe. QF concentric muscle strength of the individuals was measured with Biodex® System 4 Dynamometer at 60°/sec angular speed. It was found that PT stiffness was higher in males compared to females (p < 0.001). It was found that PT stiffness was lower in obese individuals compared to individuals with normal weight (p = 0.017). A negative and weak correlation was found between BMI and PT stiffness (r = −0.26, p = 0.032), whereas a negative and moderate correlation was found between fat percentage and PT stiffness (r = −0.50, p < 0.001). A moderate correlation was found between BMI and PT thickness (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). It was found that peak torque at 60°/sec angular speed had a moderate correlation with PT stiffness (r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and PT thickness (r = 0.45, p < 0.001). PT stiffness is correlated and affected by gender, BMI and QF muscle strength whereas PT thickness is correlated and affected only to BMI and QF muscle strength.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the effect and correlation of gender, body mass index (BMI) and quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle strength on patellar tendon (PT) thickness [...]
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The effect of platelet-rich plasma on Achilles tendon healing in a rabbit model
M. Takamura, T. Yasuda, A. Nakano, H. Shima, M. Neo

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PRP on Achilles tendon healing in rabbits during the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases by histological examination and quantitative assessments. Fifty mature male Japanese albino rabbits with severed Achilles tendons were divided into two equal groups and treated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or left untreated. Tendon tissue was harvested at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment, and sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and monoclonal antibodies against CD31 and type I collagen. Collagen fibers proliferated more densely early after severance, and subsequent remodeling of the collagen fibers and approximation of normal tendinous tissue occurred earlier in the PRP group than in the control group. The fibroblast number was significantly higher in the PRP group than in the control group at 1 and 2 weeks. Similarly, the area ratio of CD31-positive cells was significantly higher in the PRP group than in the control group at 1 and 2 weeks. Positive staining for type I collagen was more intense in the PRP group than in the control group after 3 weeks, indicating tendon maturation. Administration of PRP shortened the inflammatory phase and promoted tendon healing during the proliferative phase.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PRP on Achilles tendon healing in rabbits during the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases by histological [...]
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Restore a 9 mm diameter osteochondral defect with gene enhanced tissue engineering followed mosaicplasty in a goat model
J. Sun, X. Hou, Y. Zheng

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gene enhanced tissue engineering followed mosaicplasty in a goat model. An acute cylindrical defect 9 mm in diameter was created in the weight bearing area of the medial femoral condyle in a goat model. Thirty-six medial femoral condyles were divided into 6 groups using different proportion of gene enhanced tissue engineering and mosaicplasty to restore the defects. The specimen received gross and histology observation, which was evaluated by the histological grading scale of O'Driscoll, Keeley and Salter. Transmission electron microscope observation was also performed. Two factors analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Kewls test were used to compare the specimen. The gross and histology observation revealed that each defects of six groups had different restoration. The scores of the reparative tissue of three groups with gene enhancement were significantly higher than those in other three groups without gene enhancement (p > 0.05). Gene enhanced tissue engineering followed mosaicplasty could restore a 9 mm diameter osteochondral defects in a goat model effectively. With the reduction of covering area of the graft, the advantages of the combined gene enhanced tissue engineering method can be better reflected.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gene enhanced tissue engineering followed mosaicplasty in a goat model. An acute cylindrical defect 9 mm in diameter [...]
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Comparison of the chondroprotective effect of a novel hydrogel compound and traditional hyaluronate on rat cartilage in a papain-induced osteoarthritis model
E. Şükür, C. Talu, Y. Akman, E. Çirci, Y. Öztürkmen, T. Tüzüner

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this experimental study is to evaluate the efficacy of a novel intraarticular drug in a papain induced osteoarthritis (OA) rat model and compare with the traditional hyaluronat (HA) visco supplementation. An early stage OA model was induced by the intra-articular injection of papain enzyme in the right knee joints of 44 Sprague-Dawley rats. Eleven rats (eleven right knees: papain group, 11 left knees: control group) were chosen randomly 28 days after the last injection and sacrificed for verifying OA. The remaining rats (n = 33) were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was injected 0, 2 mL of sterile saline solution (0, 9%), group 2 was injected 0, 2 mL HA and the group 3 was injected 0, 2 mL of HA-CSNAG (hyaluronat, chondritin sulfate, N-acetyl-d -glucosamine) combination in the right knees. Injections were performed on the 35th, the 42nd and the 49th days consecutively. Two weeks after the last injection, all groups were sacrificed to evaluate the severity of OA according to Mankin system. Early stage of OA was verified regarding total Mankin scores (p < 0.05). There was statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 (p < 0.05), between Group 1 and Group 3 (p < 0.05) on the 63th day regarding total Mankin scores. Group 3 showed statistically significant improvement in terms of proteoglycan content of matrix when compared to Group 2 (p < 0, 05). HA-CS-NAG compound in hydrogel form is more chondroprotective to rats' cartilage when compared to HA during the early stages of OA.
Abstract
The aim of this experimental study is to evaluate the efficacy of a novel intraarticular drug in a papain induced osteoarthritis (OA) rat model and compare with the traditional [...]
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Clinical and radiological results on the fixation of Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures with a hook plate
E. Şükür, Y. Öztürkmen, Y. Akman, M. Güngör

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and functional results of hook plate fixation in Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures. We retrospectively analyzed 16 patients (11 males, 5 females) who were diagnosed with Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures and treated with hook plate fixation between 2013 and 2014. Mean age was 38 (range: 27–61), and mean follow-up time was 14.3 (range: 12–18) months. Complications seen on radiographs were implant failure and subacromial osteolysis. The clinical results were evaluated with modified UCLA (University of California Los Angeles) scoring system. Bone union was achieved in all patients at the end of the first 4 months. Mean modified UCLA score was 32.75 (range 31–35). In 12 patients (68%), the implants had to be removed due to complications. After removal, the complaints regressed and shoulders' range of motion increased. Clinical and radiological results on the fixation of Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures with a hook plate are good in terms of fracture union and function. The major disadvantage of the method was the requirement of early implant removal due to the hardware related complications and good results can be achieved only after plate removal. Optimizing the length of hook plate may lower the rate of complications. Level IV, Therapeutic study.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and functional results of hook plate fixation in Neer type 2 distal clavicle fractures. We retrospectively analyzed 16 patients [...]
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Comparison of multimodal intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring efficacy in early childhood and school aged children undergoing spinal surgery
A. Şenköylü, M. Zinnuroğlu, A. Börçek, E. Aktaş, İ. Güngör, M. Beyazova

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of multimodal intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (MIONM) in children below and over 6 years of age. 43 children, diagnosed with spinal pathologies were divided into two cohorts according to their age and enrolled in the study. Those under the age of 6 consisted group A, whereas those between the age of 6 and 11 consisted group B. All patients underwent spinal surgical procedures according to their diagnosis. A standard anesthesia protocol was given to both groups. Baseline somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials (tcMEPs) were recorded and evaluated at specific time points for each patient. Except for the SSEPs in three cases, tcMEPs and SSEPs were recorded for all patients. There was no false-negative whereas 9 false positive recordings due to physiological conditions that all recovered intraoperatively. In 10 patients, MIOMN recorded more than %50 decrement, in which 8 had the kyphosis component. The tcMEPs fully recovered by the end of the operation except for the patient with post-tuberculosis kyphosis. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean threshold values with regard to transcranial stimulus intensity for the tcMEPs between the two groups. Compared to school aged children, both SSEPs, tcMEPs recordings are feasible and MIONM is effective for early childhood patients undergoing spinal surgery. Level III, Diagnostic Study.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of multimodal intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (MIONM) in children below and over 6 years of age. 43 children, [...]
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Total hip arthroplasty in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Midterm radiologic and functional results
Y. Sağlam, I. Ozturk, M. Cakmak, M. Ozdemir, O. Yazicioglu

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). One hundred five hips of 61 AS patients (mean age: 41.3 ± 10.2 years) who underwent THA between 1997 and 2012 were included into the study. Dorrs classification of proximal femoral geometry, acetabular protrusio, bone ankylosis, acetabular protrusion, Brooker classification of heterotopic ossification (HO), Gruen and Charnley classifications of implant loosening were used in radiographic assessments. Patients were called back to return for an additional long-term follow-up for functional assessment. Cementless total hip arthroplasty was used in 83 hips (79%) and cemented TKA was used in 22 hips (21%). The overall rate of aseptic loosening was 7.6% at a mean follow-up of 5.4 years. Femoral loosening was statistically similar in cemented and cementless femoral components (14% vs. 8%, p = 0.089). Acetabular component loosening was statistically higher in patients with any degree of HO (p = 0.04). Regardless of the type of femoral implant (cemented or cementless), femoral component loosening was higher in Dorrs type C patients (p = 0.005). The average pre-operative HSS was 46.6 ± 16.3, and it improved to 80.7 ± 18.7 at last follow-up (p < 0.01). Revision incidence was similar in between ankylosed and non-ankylosed hips. While complication rates are high, significant functional improvement can be achieved after THA in patients with AS.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). One hundred five [...]
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Is pin configuration the only factor causing loss of reduction in the management of pediatric type III supracondylar fractures?
A. Reisoglu, C. Kazimoglu, E. Hanay, H. Agus

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
Closed reduction with percutaneous pinning is the treatment of choice for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children. In addition to configuration of pin fixation, many factors have been attributed to loss of reduction (LOR). The aim of the present study was to review potential factors that contribute to loss of reduction in the closed management of type III pediatric supracondylar fractures. Treatment of 87 patients with type III supracondylar fractures was reviewed to determine factors associated with loss of reduction, 48 patients were treated with lateral pinning and 39 with crossed-pinning after closed reduction. Outcome parameters included radiographic maintenance of postoperative reduction. Lateral or crossed-pin configuration, pin spread at fracture site, pin-spread ratio (PSR), and direction of coronal displacement of the fracture were not associated with LOR. A significant difference (p = 0.01) was found between LOR rates of patients with medial wall communication and LOR. Medial wall communication is a contributing factor to LOR in the management of type III supracondylar fractures. Cross-pinning should be preferred when medial wall communication is present, to provide more stable fixation. Level IV, Therapeutic study.
Abstract
Closed reduction with percutaneous pinning is the treatment of choice for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children. In addition to configuration of pin fixation, [...]
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Prevalence of flatfoot among school students and its relationship with BMI
M. Pourghasem, N. Kamali, M. Farsi, N. Soltanpour

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between the flat-footedness and obesity. A total of 1158 school children (653 male and 505 female) participated in this cross sectional descriptive study. According to their age, children were divided into three groups for each gender (6–10, 11–13, 14–18 years old). Diagnosis and severity of flatfoot was assessed in using the Dennis method. BMI of children were calculated as body weight divided by height squared (kg*m−2 ). Majority (83.9%) of respondents had normal feet. The prevalence of flatfoot was 16.1% with a decreasing trend with age. Boys had a higher frequency of flatfoot than girls, however the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The prevalence of flatfoot was 17.5% in boys and 14.5% in girls. The percentage of overweight and obese children was 10.3%. A significant difference in the prevalence of flatfoot occurred between, under-weight (13.9%), normal-weight (16.1%), overweight (26.9%), and obese (30.8%), children. The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is one of the most serious health challenges across the globe, and a positive correlation between increased BMI, and flatfoot is one of the potential complications.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between the flat-footedness and obesity. A total of 1158 school children (653 male and 505 female) participated in this cross [...]
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Treatment of post-traumatic elbow deformities in children with the Ilizarov distraction osteogenesis technique
C. Özkan, M. Deveci, M. Tekin, Ö. Biçer, K. Gökçe, M. Gülşen

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The present study assessed functional and radiographic outcomes of distraction osteogenesis treatment of post-traumatic elbow deformities in children. Eight children were treated between 2008 and 2013 for post-traumatic elbow deformities using distraction osteogenesis. Mean age at time of operation was 10.9 years. Six patients had varus and 2 had valgus deformity. Magnitude of correction, fixator index, complications, carrying angle, and elbow range of motion were assessed. Functional results were graded according to protocol of Bellemore et al. Mean follow-up was 43 months. Mean preoperative varus deformity in 6 patients was 29.2° and valgus deformity in 2 patients was 28.5°. Preoperative flexion and extension of elbow were 123.8° and −10.6°, respectively. Mean carrying angle was 9° valgus at last follow-up. Mean flexion and extension were 134.4° and −6.0°, respectively. Change in carrying angle was statistically significant (p = 0.002). There were 2 grade 1 pin tract infections and 1 diaphyseal fracture of humerus. Functional outcome was rated excellent in 7 patients and good in 1 patient. Ilizarov distraction osteogenesis is a valuable alternative in treatment of elbow deformities in children. The surgical technique is simple and correction is adjustable. Gradual correction prevents possible neurovascular complications and minimally invasive surgery produces less scarring. Compliance of patient and family is key factor in the success of the outcome. Level IV, therapeutic study
Abstract
The present study assessed functional and radiographic outcomes of distraction osteogenesis treatment of post-traumatic elbow deformities in children. Eight children were [...]
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Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis by using proximal humeral locking plate
D. Özer, A. Bayhan, A. Keskin, S. Sarı, M. Kaygusuz

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term clinical and radiological results of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (TTCA) with proximal humeral locking plate. Eight patients (7 female, 1 male, average age 53 years (range: 24–67)) who underwent TTCA with proximal humeral locking plate between 2009 and 2011, were retrospectively evaluated with AOFAS hindfoot scale and Maryland foot score system. The mean follow up was 32.6 months (range: 23–54). Complete fusion was achieved in 7 patients. Soft tissue infection was observed in 2 patients and reflex sympathetic dystrophy in 3 patients. All patients recovered with medical treatment. At the final follow-up, mean AOFAS Hindfoot score was 60 (range: 41–81) and Maryland Foot Score was 67.8 (range: 41–85). The satisfactory rates of AOFAS and MFS were found as 12.5% (1/8) and 50% (4/8), respectively. One patient had an incomplete union with 5 degrees of heel varus deformity and 5 degrees of equinus deformity was observed in another. There were no implant failure or deformation of the plate during the follow-up period. Our study suggests that proximal humeral plate may be an alternative for fixation in tibiotalocalcaneal fusion surgery.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term clinical and radiological results of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (TTCA) with proximal humeral locking plate. Eight [...]
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A rare complication of total knee arthroplasty: Type l complex regional pain syndrome of the foot and ankle
G. Söylev, H. Boya

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful and disabling disorder that usually affects the extremities. This complication may affect the knee joint after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We report a unique case of CRPS of the foot and ankle, which was an unusual involvement site for CRPS after TKA.
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful and disabling disorder that usually affects the extremities. This complication may affect the knee joint after total knee [...]
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Midterm outcomes of high-flexion total knee arthroplasty on Japanese lifestyle
H. Ohno, M. Murata, S. Ozu, N. Matsuoka, H. Kawamura, H. Iida

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
To evaluate the clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the Genesis II posterior stabilized prosthesis with a high-flex insert during the mid-term follow-up and to assess its effect on the Japanese lifestyle. Fifty-three consecutive patients (8 men and 45 women) underwent primary TKA. The mean follow-up time was 76 months (5–9 years). Clinical results were assessed with the Japanese Orthopedic Association osteoarthritis knee rating score (JOA knee score), range of motion, and lifestyle changes. The postoperative JOA knee score improved significantly compared to the preoperative JOA knee score. The mean preoperative flexion range improved from 112° to 123° postoperatively (p < 0.05). Additionally, our findings showed that 39% of patients enjoyed a floor-sitting life preoperatively, but only 30% of patients enjoyed floor-sitting life postoperatively. The postoperative range of knee motion and JOA knee score improved after TKA using the Genesis II posterior stabilized prosthesis with a high-flex insert, but the number of patients who enjoyed floor-sitting life decreased from 39% to 30% because of feelings of fear and discomfort. Level of Evidence : Level IV, Therapeutic study
Abstract
To evaluate the clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the Genesis II posterior stabilized prosthesis with a high-flex insert during the mid-term follow-up [...]
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An analysis of postoperative hemoglobin levels in patients with a fractured neck of femur
N. Nagra, D. Popta, S. Whiteside, E. Holt

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in hemoglobin level and to determine a suitable timeline for post-operative hemoglobin monitoring in patients undergoing fixation of femoral neck fracture. Patients who underwent either dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation (n = 74, mean age: 80 years) or hip hemiarthroplasty (n = 104, mean age: 84 years) for femoral neck fracture were included into the study. The hemoglobin level of the patients was monitored perioperatively. Analysis found a statistically and clinically significant mean drop in hemoglobin of 31.1 g/L over time from pre-operatively (D0) to day-5 post-operatively (p < 0.001), with significant reductions from D0 to day-1 and day-1 to day-2 (p < 0.001). At each post-operative time point, DHS patients had lower hemoglobin values over hemiarthroplasty patients (p = 0.046). The decrease in hemoglobin in the first 24-h post-operative period (D0 to day-1) is an underestimation of the ultimate lowest value in hemoglobin found at day-2. Relying on the day-1 hemoglobin could be detrimental to patient care. We propose a method of predicting patients likely to be transfused, and recommend a protocol for patients undergoing femoral neck fracture surgery to standardize postoperative hemoglobin monitoring. Level IV Prognostic study.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in hemoglobin level and to determine a suitable timeline for post-operative hemoglobin monitoring in patients undergoing fixation [...]
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Is there a correlation between the change in the interscrew angle of the eight-plate and the delta joint orientation angles?
S. Marangoz, K. Buyukdogan, S. Karahan

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
It is known that the screws of the eight-plate hemiepiphysiodesis construct diverge as growth occurs through the physis. Our objective was to investigate whether there is a correlation between the amount of change of the joint orientation angle (JOA) and that of the interscrew angle (ISA) of the eight-plate hemiepiphysiodesis construct before and after correction. After the institutional review board approval, medical charts and X-rays of all patients operated for either genu valgum or genu varum with eight-plate hemiepiphysiodesis were analyzed retrospectively. All consecutive patients at various ages with miscellaneous diagnoses were included. JOA and ISA were measured before and after correction. After review of the X-rays, statistical analyses were performed which included Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analyses. There were 53 segments of 30 patients included in the study. Eighteen were males, and 12 were females. Mean age at surgery was 9.1 (range 3–17). Mean follow-up time was 21.5 (range, 7–46) months. The diagnoses were diverse. A strong correlation was found between the delta JOA (d-JOA) and delta ISA (d-ISA) of the eight-plate hemiepiphysiodesis construct (r = 0.759 (0.615–0.854, 95%CI), p < 0.001). This correlation was independent of the age and gender of the patient. There is a strong correlation between the d-ISA and the d-JOA. The d-ISA follows the d-JOA at a predictable amount through formulas which regression analysis yielded. This study confirms the clinical observation of the diverging angle between the screws is in correlation with the correction of the JOA. Level IV, Therapeutic study.
Abstract
It is known that the screws of the eight-plate hemiepiphysiodesis construct diverge as growth occurs through the physis. Our objective was to investigate whether there is [...]
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Fracture of the femoral component after a lightning strike injury: A case report
X. Lizano-Díez, E. Alentorn-Geli, A. León-García, F. Marqués-López

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
A fracture of the stem in a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an uncommon complication. We report a case of femoral stem fracture in a 55-year-old male patient after a lightning strike. A revision was conducted using a Wagner osteotomy and a revision prosthesis. Dall-Milles cerclages were used to close the osteotomy. The postoperative evolution was satisfactory, with an immediate partial weight bearing, consolidation of the osteotomy after three months and return to daily activity without pain.
Abstract
A fracture of the stem in a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an uncommon complication. We report a case of femoral stem fracture in a 55-year-old male patient after a lightning [...]
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Incidence of second hip fractures and associated mortality in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based study of 95,484 patients during 2006–2010
S. Lee, I. Chen, Y. Li, C. Chiang, C. Chang, P. Hsieh

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of the study is was to determine the incidence and mortality of second hip fracture using a nationwide database. A nationwide epidemiological study was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2001 to 2011. Patients older than 50 years with hip fractures from 2006 to 2011 were included in the study. A total of 95, 484 hip fractures were identified, with subsequent second hip fracture occurred in 4102 of them. The incidence rate ratio of second hip fracture showed a 7.13 fold of risk of further hip fracture in 3 months, 5.21 fold in one year, and remained more than 2 fold in the end of 6th year when compared with the general population. The 6-year cumulative incidence of a second hip fracture was higher in female (8.0%) than in male (6.2%). A significantly higher 1-year mortality rate was seen after a second hip fracture (18.8%) compared to the first hip fracture (14.1%) (p < 0.05). Men had higher 1- and 5-year mortality rates after second hip fractures (12.1% and 41.2%, respectively) than women (17.4% and 47.3%, respectively). Patients with hip fractures would have a 2–7 fold of risk of a second fracture within 6 years. Women were more prone to a second hip fracture than men but men had a higher mortality rate.
Abstract
The aim of the study is was to determine the incidence and mortality of second hip fracture using a nationwide database. A nationwide epidemiological study was conducted using [...]
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A novel intramedullary nail for use in the treatment of supramalleolar malunion and nonunion: A preliminary report of three cases
F. Küçükdurmaz, N. Sağlam, T. Kurtulmuş, F. Akpınar

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The fractures around the supramalleolar region are difficult to manage and deformities may occur following insufficient or inadequate treatment attempts. The treatment of those deformities is even more challenging. The available options for surgical fixation have inherent problems considering the soft tissue problems, infection and compliance of the patients. In this study, we report the preliminary outcome of new IMN system in use of supramalleolar deformities. Three patients with supramalleolar deformities were recruited for this study. Two patients had periarticular distal tibia malunions and one patient had nonunion in same region. All patients were operated with using newly designed intramedullary nail system with a unique distal interlocking bolt screw. The outcome for each patient was followed-up and evaluated with using AOFAS score. The patients were followed up for 3 years, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. The AOFAS scores were 36, 33, and 21 preoperatively, and 75, 68, and 75 postoperatively in Patients 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In our patient series, adequate fixation following correction of the deformity was seen. Although the number of the cases are limited this study provides encouraging results regarding the outcome of new IMN system in use of supramalleolar deformities.
Abstract
The fractures around the supramalleolar region are difficult to manage and deformities may occur following insufficient or inadequate treatment attempts. The treatment of [...]
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Reverse Segond fracture and associated knee injuries: A case report and review of 13 published cases
O. Kose, S. Ozyurek, A. Turan, F. Guler

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
Reverse Segond fracture is originally described as an indirect radiographic clue for a specific injury complex of the knee joint that includes posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) rupture and medial meniscal tear. Herein, we describe a case with reverse Segond fracture associated with PCL avulsion fracture instead of PCL rupture. According to current literature review, reverse Segond fracture is not only associated with PCL and medial meniscal injuries, but also frequently associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries. Furthermore, medial meniscus and PCL may remain intact.
Abstract
Reverse Segond fracture is originally described as an indirect radiographic clue for a specific injury complex of the knee joint that includes posterior cruciate ligament [...]
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An analysis of orthopaedic theses in Turkey: Evidence levels and publication rates
K. Koca, S. Ekinci, S. Akpancar, M. Gemci, Ö. Erşen, F. Akyıldız

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to present characteristics and publication patterns of studies arise from orthopedic theses obtained from National Thesis Center, database in terms of publication years, study types, topics, level of evidence between 1974 and 2014. Firstly, National Thesis Center database was searched for orthopedics and Traumatology theses. The theses, which their summary or full text were available were included in the study. The topics, study types and quality of study designs were reviewed. Then theses were searched in the PubMed database. Journals of published theses were classified according to category, scope and impact factors of the year 2014. 1508 theses were included into the study. Clinical studies comprised 71, 7% of the theses, while 25, 6% of the theses were non-clinical experimental and 2, 7% of the theses were observational studies. Clinical studies were Level I in 8, 6% (n = 93) and Level II in 5, 8% of the theses (n = 63). A total of 224 theses (14, 9%) were published in the journals indexed in PubMed database from 1974 to 2012. Fifty-two (23, 2%) were published in SCI, 136 theses (60, 7%) were published in SCI-E journals and 36 theses (16%) were published in other Journals indexed in PubMed. The quantity and quality of published theses need to be improved and effective measures should be taken to promote quality of theses. Theses from universities and Training hospitals which did not allow open access, and, incomplete records of the National Thesis Center database were major limitations of this study.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present characteristics and publication patterns of studies arise from orthopedic theses obtained from National Thesis Center, database in terms [...]
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Osteoid osteoma of the pisiform: A case report
G. Kaynak, M. Guven, O. Erdal, H. Botanlioglu, M. Babacan, S. Dervisoglu

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
Osteoid osteoma is an uncommon benign bone-forming tumor of the musculoskeletal system but it is the most common primary bone tumor of the carpal region. However, only seven cases of its pisiform involvement have been described. We present a 19 year-old male patient with osteoid osteoma of the pisiform which initially could not be detected in any diagnostic study for long standing wrist pain. The patient was treated with excision and curettage. In 1 year of follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic without recurrence. In cases with long standing ulnar wrist pain, one should consider osteoid osteoma of the pisiform in differential diagnosis. If an OO is suspected, thin slice CT scan in initial evaluation would be valuable in preventing the patient from misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis.
Abstract
Osteoid osteoma is an uncommon benign bone-forming tumor of the musculoskeletal system but it is the most common primary bone tumor of the carpal region. However, only seven [...]
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Long-term result of arthroplasty in the treatment of a case of ochronotic arthropathy
S. Karaoğlu, F. Karaaslan, M. Mermerkaya

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
Alkaptonuria is a rare metabolic disease caused by a partial or total deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase, which results in excess homogentisic acid (HGA) levels. Homogentisic acid and its oxidation products can accumulate in hyaline cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. A 55-year-old male was admitted complaining of worsening chronic pain in his left knee. A radiographic evaluation showed tricompartmental end- stage osteoarthritis. A cemented total knee replacement was performed. At the 10-year follow-up, he had returned to full activity, had no knee pain, and was very satisfied with the outcome. No abnormality was observed in the femoral, tibial, or patellar components on radiography. We believe that total knee replacement is a good option in a patient with marked degenerative arthritis secondary to ochronotic arthritis.
Abstract
Alkaptonuria is a rare metabolic disease caused by a partial or total deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase, which results in excess homogentisic acid (HGA) levels. Homogentisic [...]
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Dual plating for fixation of humeral shaft fractures: A mechanical comparison of various combinations of plate lengths
A. Karakaşli, O. Başçı, F. Ertem, E. Sekik, H. Havitçioğlu

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The role of plate configuration was found inconclusive on the biomechanical effects of the plate size and hole number for dual plate constructions in humeral shaft fractures. The purpose of this study was to test the biomechanical stability of various dual plate constructions. Twenty-four left humeri (4th Generation Composite Humerus, Sawbones, Malmö, Sweden) with comminuted midshaft humeral fracture were used. Four groups of plate constructs were tested: laterally fixed 8-hole locking plate and screws were combined with anteriorly locking plates containing 0, 4, 6, or 8 holes in groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The alterations in axial, bending, and torsional angles were recorded. There were no fixation failures during axial, bending, or torsional stiffness testing within the elastic behavior limits. Axial stiffness was highest in Group IV. Torsional stiffness, posterior-to-anterior bending stiffness, lateral-to-medial bending stiffness, and medial-to-lateral bending stiffness were lowest in Group I. The similar stiffness values for the 8-to-4 hole and 8-to-6 hole plate constructions indicate that the 8-to-4 hole construction is an option in young adults, while the stiffest 8-to-8 hole combination may be an option for osteoporotic patients.
Abstract
The role of plate configuration was found inconclusive on the biomechanical effects of the plate size and hole number for dual plate constructions in humeral shaft fractures. [...]
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Iatrogenic lateral meniscus anterior horn injury in different tibial tunnel placement techniques in ACL reconstruction surgery – A cadaveric study
A. Karakaşli, N. Acar, O. Başçı, A. Karaarslan, M. Erduran, E. Kaya

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of tibial tunnel positioning in single bundle and double bundle ACL reconstructions on lateral meniscus anterior root. Twelve single knee cadavers were used, 6 for a single bundle ACL reconstruction, which were reamed gradually starting from 8 mm, 9 mm and ended with a 10 mm reamers, while the other 6 were prepared for a double bundle ACL reconstruction in which 7 mm reamer for the AM tunnel and 6 mm reamer for the PL tunnel were used. After drilling, changes of lengths and thicknesses of anterior horns of the lateral menisci were recorded. Before drilling, the groups were homogenous for the lateral menisci dimensions. After drilling, no statistically significant difference was noticed between the two groups. However, in single bundle group, 2 anterior horns width injury (1.44 mm and 2.13 mm) with the 9 mm reamer and 3 anterior horns width injury (2.51 mm, 3.55 mm and 4.28 mm) with the 10 mm reamer were recorded. However in double bundle group a single anterior horn width injury (2.82 mm) was recorded. Using a greater size reamer in single bundle reconstruction, causes a relatively higher risk of lateral meniscal anterior root injury. Lateral meniscus stability should be examined arthroscopically after reaming with large reamers.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of tibial tunnel positioning in single bundle and double bundle ACL reconstructions on lateral meniscus anterior root. Twelve [...]
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Discrepancy between cervical disc prostheses and anatomical cervical dimensions
S. Karaca, A. Akpolat, A. Oztermeli, M. Erdem, M. Aydogan

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess appropriateness of the sizes of available cervical disc prostheses based on tomographic measurement of human cervical vertebrae. The anatomic dimensions of the C3–C7 segments were measured on 50 patients (age range 26–47 years) with computerized tomography scan and compared with the sizes of the popular cervical total disc prostheses (CTDP) at the market [Bryan (Medtronic), Prodisc-C (Synthes), Prestige LP (Medtronic), Discover (DePuy)]. The mediolateral and anteriorposterior diameters of the upper and lower endplates were measured with a digital measuring system. Overall, 43.7% of the largest implant footprints were smaller in the anterior-posterior diameter and 42.6% in the mediolateral diameter were smaller than cervical endplate measurements. Discrepancy of the level C5/C6 and C6/C7 was calculated as 56.2% at the anteroposterior diameter and 43.8% at the center of mediolateral diameter. Large disparity has been found between the sizes of devices and cervical anatomic data. Companies that produce CTDP should take care of the anatomical dimensions and generate different sizes of CTDP. Spine surgeon should be familiar with the size mismatch in CTDP that may affect the clinical and radiological outcome of the surgery.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess appropriateness of the sizes of available cervical disc prostheses based on tomographic measurement of human cervical vertebrae. The anatomic [...]
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Clinical outcomes of operative repair of complete rupture of the proximal interphalangeal joint collateral ligament: Comparison with non-operative treatment
S. Lee, J. Lee, I. Hwang, J. Kim, J. Lee

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of non-operative treatment and operative repair of grade III injuries with complete rupture of the collateral ligament of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. Seventeen patients with grade III injuries with at least 6 months of follow-up were included. Seven patients underwent non-operative treatment and 10 patients underwent operative treatment. We evaluated the following clinical outcomes after treatment: 1) range of motion of the PIP and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, 2) joint stability, 3) pain score, and 4) amount of fusiform deformity of the PIP joint. There was no instability in the lateral stress test in either group. The ranges of motion of the PIP and DIP joints were not statistically different between the two groups at final follow-up. However, the ranges of motion recovered more quickly in the operative group than the non-operative group within the first 3 months after treatment. Patients in the operative group had less pain and better cosmetic appearance of the PIP joint. Our results suggest that operative repair of the PIP collateral ligament can provide good joint stability, rapid functional recovery, and minimize fusiform deformity of the PIP joint. Level III, Therapeutic study.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of non-operative treatment and operative repair of grade III injuries with complete rupture of the collateral ligament [...]
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Evaluation of the orthopaedics and traumatology resident education in Turkey: A descriptive study
G. Huri, Y. Cabuk, S. Gursoy, M. Akkaya, S. Ozkan, V. Oztuna, O. Aydingoz, A. Senkoylu

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe the current situation regarding the training, working conditions, future plans, fields of interest and satisfaction of orthopaedics and traumatology residents in Turkey. A descriptive survey questionnaire consisting of 24 questions was designed to identify the problems and solution suggestions concerning training of orthopaedic residents. All orthopaedics and traumatology residents who took the 2013 Progress Testing for Speciality in Medicine (UEGS) held by Turkish Orthopaedics and Traumatology Education Council (TOTEK) were surveyed in the class at the end thereof as well as the young orthopaedic surgeons who were reached through the email groups of Turkish Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology – Residents and Young Attendings Council (TOTBID-AGUH). A total of 725 residents and 132 young attendings were surveyed. The most outstanding answers are as follows: 62, 7% of the respondents replied to the question “Is there a training program/Is it being applied” as “yes/yes”. It was found out that 94, 3% of the respondents wanted to be involved in a rotation abroad. The “patient care” was the most common answer, with a ratio of 36, 9%, to the question “Whats the priority of the department you are studying in?”. Regarding work conditions, “many emergency on-calls” was found to be the most important parameter affecting life conditions (p < 0.05). Aiming to identify the challenges that orthopaedics and traumatology residents in Turkey face as regards their training, this survey stands as a pioneering study with a high participation rate. Analysis of survey data highlights the importance of several key factors such as the development of training programs and increasing the time spent with academicians as well as spreading and promotion of log book application.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe the current situation regarding the training, working conditions, future plans, fields of interest and satisfaction of orthopaedics [...]
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The new intra-articular calcaneal fracture classification system in term of sustentacular fragment configurations and incorporation of posterior calcaneal facet fractures with fracture components of the calcaneal body
T. Harnroongroj, T. Harnroongroj, T. Suntharapa, M. Arunakul

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new calcaneal fracture classification system which will consider sustentacular fragment configuration and relation of posterior calcaneal facet to calcaneal body. The new classification system used sustentacular fragment configuration and relation of posterior calcaneal facet fracture with fracture components of calcaneal body as key aspects of main types and subtypes. Between 2000 and 2014, 126 intraarticular calcaneal fractures were classified according to the new classification system by using computed tomography images. The new classification system was studied in term of reliability, correlation to choices of treatment, implant fixation and quality of fracture reduction. Types of sustentacular fragment comprised type A, B and C. Type A sustentacular fragment included sustentacular tali containing middle calcaneal facet. In Type B and C fractures sustentacular fragment included medial aspect and entire posterior calcaneal facet as a single unit, respectively. The fractures with type A, B and C sustentacular fragments were classified as main type A, B and C intra-articular calcaneal fractures. The main type A and B comprised 4 subtypes. Subtypes A1, A3, B1, and B3 associated with avulsion and bending fragments of calcaneal body. Subtype A2, B2, and B4 associated with burst calcaneal body. Subtype B4 was not found in the study. Main type C had no subtype and associated with burst calcaneal body. The data showed good reliability. The study showed that our new intra-articular calcaneal fracture classification system correlates to choices of treatment, implant fixation and quality of fracture reduction. Level of Evidence: Level IV, Study of Diagnostic Test
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new calcaneal fracture classification system which will consider sustentacular fragment configuration and relation of posterior calcaneal [...]
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The primary factor for suture configuration at rotator cuff repair: Width of mattress or distance from tear edge
O. Hapa, A. Karakaşli, O. Başçı, H. Cici, B. Çeçen, H. Havitçioğlu

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aims of this study was first to investigate whether the bite size or the bite distance from the tear edge is of primary importance in mattress suture configuration for rotator cuff repair. Secondly, whether the use of a 450 left side bent Arthro-Pierce™ (Smith & Nephew, Andover, USA) during suture passage can be more effective on the strength of the configuration compared to a straight Arthro-Pierce™. Twenty-eight bovine infraspinatus muscle tendons were randomized into four groups. Group 1, 5 mm wide ‘bite size’ × 15 mm length ‘distance from the tear edges mattress’, Group 2: 7.5 mm × 10 mm, Group 3: 15 mm × 5 mm ‘using straight Arthro-Pierce™’ and Group 4: 5 mm × 15 mm using left sided 450 bent Arthro-Pierce™. The repair specimens underwent cyclic loading prior to loading the failure testing. Cyclic elongation (mm), peak-to-peak displacement (mm), ultimate load (N), stiffness (N/mm) and failure mode were recorded for each specimen. The mean ultimate load in Group 1 was higher compared to group 3. The peak to peak displacement was higher in Group 4 compared to Group 1 (p < 0.05). The predominant failure mode in Groups 1, 2 and 4 was suture rupture. The Group 3 most specimens failed due to suture cut through the tendon. Bite size from the edge of the tendon seems to be more important than the width of the mattress. The curve of the suture passing device may also have an effect on the strength of the suture tendon interface.
Abstract
The aims of this study was first to investigate whether the bite size or the bite distance from the tear edge is of primary importance in mattress suture configuration for [...]
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Comment on: Measurement of the knee joint line in Turkish population
H. Gungor, N. Ok, K. Agladioglu

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).
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The effects of low-dose radiotherapy on fresh osteochondral allografts: An experimental study in rabbits
U. Gönç, M. Çetinkaya, M. Atabek

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-dose fractionated radiotherapy on cartilage degeneration after distal femoral fresh massive osteochondral allograft transplantation. Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups of 8 rabbits each. All rabbits underwent distal femoral medial condyle fresh massive osteochondral allograft transplantation from California rabbits. The group 1 underwent transplantation without any preliminary process. The group 2 underwent fractionated local radiotherapy of 100 cGy for five days starting on the transplantation day. The group 3 included the rabbits to which the grafts transplanted after radiating in vitro by a single dose radiation of 1500 cGy. The hosts were sacrificed twelve weeks later. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken. Synovial tissue, cartilaginous tissue, and subchondral bone were assessed histopathologically. Nonunion was present in three cases of group 2 and one of group 3 in which cartilage degeneration was more severe. Synovial hypertrophy and pannus formation were more obvious in non-radiated rabbits. Hypocellularity and necrosis of the subchondral bone were rare in group 2. More cartilage tissue impairment was present in group 3 compared to group 1. In osteochondral massive allograft transplantations, the immune reaction of the host could be precluded with radiotherapy, and the side-effects can be prevented by low-dose fractionated regimen. The total dose of fractionated radiotherapy for an immune suppression should be adjusted not to damage the cartilage tissue, but to avoid articular degeneration in the long term.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-dose fractionated radiotherapy on cartilage degeneration after distal femoral fresh massive osteochondral allograft [...]
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Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis with PHILOS plate for proximal humerus fractures
U. Gönç, M. Atabek, K. Teker, A. Tanrıöver

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate results, including clinical and radiological outcomes and number of complications, following minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) of proximal humerus fractures, using the PHILOS® proximal humerus internal locking system (Synthes Holding AG, Solothurn, Switzerland). Retrospectively evaluated were 31 patients treated with MIPO (12 male, 19 female, average age: 58.4 years). Four patients had 2-part fractures, 14 patients had 3-part fractures, and 13 patients had 4-part fractures, according to Neer classification. Healing, complications, and head-shaft angle (HSA) were radiographically evaluated. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 1-year follow-up with Constant score. Average Constant scores for fractured and normal shoulders were 73.2 ± 10.9 and 84.8 ± 5.1, respectively. Varus progression, fracture type, and age had no significant effect on functional outcome. Average postoperative and follow-up HSAs were 130.80 ± 7.70 and 128.80 ± 10.00, respectively. Significant varus progression was observed during follow-up (p = 0.01). Varus progression was more prominent in patients with postoperative HSA < 130° (p < 0.001). Inferomedial calcar screw usage, fracture type, and age had no significant effect on varus progression. Complications included 2 implant failures, 1 case of avascular necrosis (AVN), 1 primary screw cut-out, 1 axillary nerve injury, and 1 radial nerve injury (22.6% overall). MIPO is a safe and effective option for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures, with good functional recovery and fewer complications, which are typically technique dependent. Reduction may be difficult, resulting in varus progression. Another disadvantage is risk of axillary nerve injury. Careful surgical technique and correct implant selection is important in the prevention of nerve injury. Level IV, Therapeutic study.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate results, including clinical and radiological outcomes and number of complications, following minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis [...]
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The comparative efficacy of kinesio taping and local injection therapy in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome
H. Göksu, F. Tuncay, P. Borman

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of kinesio taping (KT) and local subacromial injection in patients with subacromial impingement, syndrome (SIS) with regard to pain, range of motion (ROM) and disability. Sixty-one patients (48 females and 13 males, mean age: 43.04 ± 6.31, years) with SIS were enrolled into the study. The patients were randomized into two treatment groups receiving either a single corticosteroid and local anesthetic (LA) injection, or kinesio taping performed three times by intervals of 3 day. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain intensity, range of motion (ROM) degrees of, shoulder were recorded and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) was, performed to evaluate functional disability, before treatment, at the first and fourth, weeks after therapies. A exercise program was prescribed for both groups including pendulum, active range of motion (ROM) and strengthening exercises. Pain, functional outcome measures were determined to have improved significantly in both groups at the end of therapies at first and fourth weeks (p < 0.05), but these improvements were more significant in the injection group than in kinesio taping group (p < 0.05). The improvements in pain at rest, shoulder abduction degrees, and SPADI scores at first and fourth weeks were statistically higher in injection group than in kinesio taping group. Although the improvement in pain intensity at rest, ROM and disability were better with local injection, KT may be an alternative noninvasive method to local subacromial injection for patients suffering from subacromial impingement syndrome. Level I, Therapeutic study.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of kinesio taping (KT) and local subacromial injection in patients with subacromial impingement, syndrome (SIS) [...]
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Total hip arthroplasty-related pelvic pseudotumor: Unusual presentation with hydronephrosis
Z. Kilicoglu, O. Kilicoglu, M. Simsek

Collection of Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica (2017).
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