Documents published in Scipedia

• The influence of the couple in coping with heart disease

  I. Montero, A. Roda

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The main aim of our study is to analyze the influence of social support on cardiac illness adjustment and on health recommendations adherence. The sample was 109 patients and their partners, all of them included in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program of the Ramon y Cajal Hospital in Madrid. Our results show that partner support has not a significant impact on patientś adjustment (received support [P = .46] and satisfaction with received support [P = .041]). However, partner support has a significant effect on adherence to health recommendations (food, physical exercise, smoking, etc), most of all in the 8 and 12 months’ follow-up (P < .001). Perhaps, in the first stages of illness, support provided for other sources (health professionals, other patients, etc.) could be more important than partner support, most of all taking into account that patients were included in a clinical intervention. As supervision decreases, the effect of partner support on adherence increases. The implications of our results for future interventions and research are discussed.

  Abstract
  The main aim of our study is to analyze the influence of social support on cardiac illness adjustment and on health recommendations adherence. The sample was 109 patients [...]

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• Dimensionality of the Brief Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire in Mexico

  M. Farfano, C. Ramírez, R. Treviño, F. Treviño, G. Mónica

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Recent models emphasized the importance in research of beliefs and its appraisal in the etiology and maintenance of OCD. The aim of the present study is the development and validation of a short form of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ, Belloch et al. 2003) in Mexican population. This topic was addressed through two different studies. Study 1: Exploratory factor analysis of the short version (200 non clinical subjects). The results show a different factor solution. Study 2: Testing for the equivalence of latent mean structures in multi-group analyses (200 and 202 non clinical subjects). A three-factor, 20 items, model emerged as the best factorial solution with similar psychometric properties to those of an English version (OBQ, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire, 2003). Given its consistency and repeatability, the Mexican version of the OBQ is a suitable instrument for the assessment of dysfunctional beliefs, although studies with clinical samples are needed.

  Abstract
  Recent models emphasized the importance in research of beliefs and its appraisal in the etiology and maintenance of OCD. The aim of the present study is the development and [...]

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• Nostalgia for the couple

  J. Medina, Y. Oca, M. Muñoz, B. Gómez, E. Gasca, A. Vallejo, B. Giles, Y. Barajas, N. Fuentes

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The objective of the present investigation was to describe the nostalgic experience for a previous partner, who is considered as someone important. We worked based on a non-probabilistic intentional sampling, composed by 200 young college students equally divided by sex, from 18 to 25 years old in the city of Toluca, México. We used a questionnaire validated by experts judges with a level of agreement higher than 85%, composed by six open questions. The applications were individual, in an approximately 20 minutes, in academic areas of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. According to the obtained results, it was found that most of participants have had an important partner in their lifetime and what they liked the most about that partner was their personality, good treatment, physical appearance, favorable interaction and material benefits. Both sexes have frequent memories of that partner, been the men who report them most. Practically, all the participants agree that they miss the afective area. Men yearn the favorable interaction, while women miss more the share-time with the partner. The factors that motivates them to keep their actual relationship are the positive affection, comprehension, support and trust, personality, company, physical appearance and material benefits. Finally, most of participants declared that they do not consider as a posibility the get back together with their yearned partner, despite missing the animic status that they set up in the moment.

  Abstract
  The objective of the present investigation was to describe the nostalgic experience for a previous partner, who is considered as someone important. We worked based on a non-probabilistic [...]

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• Causes That Take To Infidelity: An Analysis By Sex

  J. Medina, B. Colín, M. Martínez, Y. Oca, N. Fuentes, M. Muñoz

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The aim was to detect the causes that lead more often to men and women to present the behavior of infidelity. To do this, it worked with a nonrandom sample of intentional type, consisting of 75 couples married and 75 couples in a dating relationship, residents of Toluca city, on condition of having committed an infidelity to their own partner. After obtaining the consent of each participant, applications were held individually at the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. The results show that infidelity had its origin in the lack. That is, in the absence of some satisfactions that they do not get with that couple. Also found that men committed an infidelity because they were feeling bored, uncomfortable, by a sexual need, for lack of variety and because they were confused in the relationship, compared with women who did it because they felt alone and misunderstood in the relationship. It was interesting to find that people who returned with the couple to whom they were infidel, they argued their decision because they found stability and love, that supposedly tried to get into the relationship of infidelity.

  Abstract
  The aim was to detect the causes that lead more often to men and women to present the behavior of infidelity. To do this, it worked with a nonrandom sample of intentional [...]

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• Occupational Burnout Syndrome and its Relationship to Health and Psychosocial Risk in Public Officials who Administer Justice in Mexico City

  J. Prado, P. Flores, C. Galicia, A. Saisó

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of psychosocial risk in major public officials who administer justice in Mexico City, and to identify the relationship between socio-demographic variables, occupational wear (burnout) and psychosomatic disorders. Information of 75 workers who administer justice was obtained in Mexico, DF (n = 75) by the Occupational Scale Wear of Uribe-Prado (2010). The results showed that burnout is the best variable to predict psychosomatic disorders in terms of psychosocial factors at work, analyzes of this study are discussed in terms of the importance of understanding the effects of psychosocial risk prevention, diagnosis and intervention from the response to chronic stress. Correlations, analysis of variance, regressions and a structural model to adjust the variables used in structural terms. Cronbach’s alpha for the evaluated variables was located between .63 and .83 reliability. The importance of secretaries, judges and magistrates to administer justice undertake their work in terms of occupational health is emphasized.

  Abstract
  The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of psychosocial risk in major public officials who administer justice in Mexico City, and to identify the relationship [...]

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• Explanatory Models of Condom Use in Coital Sex of Adolescents

  J. Alvarado, J. Villalobos, X. Salinas, A. Casis

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the attitudinal and interpersonal factors that influence condom use in coital sex between high school students and to develop structural models that show the interrelationships and the direct and indirect effects of these factors on frequency of condom use. Participants were 527 adolescents who reported having consensual sex at least once in life. For this matter a questionnaire measuring frequency of sex and condom use during sexual encounters was used, also 80 ordinal questions divided into five factors: 1) sexual assertiveness, 2) sexual submission, 3) low sexual risk perception, 4) infatuation and 5) acceptance of condom use. Using structural equations trajectories and frequency of condom use were drawn. Structural models for men and women show acceptable levels of fitness to the data as well as significant direct effects between all the variables, specifically direct effect of variables acceptance on condom use and sexual assertiveness on the frequency of preservative use. These results extend the possibilities of explanation and psychosocial intervention on sexual risk behavior among adolescents.

  Abstract
  The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the attitudinal and interpersonal factors that influence condom use in coital sex between high school students [...]

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• Worldviews, authoritarianism and dominance in different kinds of prejudice

  J. Ungaretti, E. Etchezahar

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Worldviews are cognitive schemas available for individuals through the socialization process that generates stable social worldviews. The dangerous worldview (DW) and the competitive jungle worldview (CW) have been widely studied. Both are related to different social attitudes: DW relates to the right wing authoritarianism (RWA) and CW relates with social dominance orientation (SDO). Meanwhile, RWA and SDO are two social attitudes that predict different forms of prejudice. The main objective of this study was to adapt and validate the worldviews scale (WV) to the local context, and then to test two paths analysis with relationships between variables proposed in the background. Participants were 376 university students with an age range between 18 and 42 years (M = 24.29, SD = 3.3). Main results indicate adequate psychometric properties for the bi-dimensional worldviews model. Furthermore, it was also noted that the path analysis between DW-RWA-Prejudice was adequate, while the other including CW-SDO-Prejudice has metric problems.

  Abstract
  Worldviews are cognitive schemas available for individuals through the socialization process that generates stable social worldviews. The dangerous worldview (DW) and the [...]

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• Entendiendo la violencia en el Islam

  H. Triandis

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  In the context of reduced violence world-wide, as documented by Pinker (2011), Islam is an exception, i.e., it is more violent than other cultures. Can contemporary cultural psychology explain aspects of this difference? It is hypothesized that violence is more frequent in cultures that are vertical collectivist than in cultures that are horizontal individualist. The paper reviews data that are generally consistent with this hypothesis. Furthermore, most Muslims are not violent, but perhaps 1 percent do engage in jihad. What personality aspects might explain this difference? It is argued that self-deception is very common among humans and the jihadists are especially susceptible to self-deception. Religion provides important benefits but it is also often related to violence. One way to reduce aspects of Islamic violence is for the West to ridicule Islam less. The paper also provides Islam with a more realistic model of its religion.

  Abstract
  In the context of reduced violence world-wide, as documented by Pinker (2011), Islam is an exception, i.e., it is more violent than other cultures. Can contemporary cultural [...]

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• Auto-engaño: Una introducción

  H. Triandis

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Self-deception has been studied by philosophers and psychologists for some time. Frenkel-Brunswik (1939) published the first psychology paper. In Triandis (2009 p. ix) there are references to 24 papers by philosophers and psychologists that examined this concept. All humans have self-deceptions, some more frequently than others. That is, they see the world the way they would like to be rather than the way it is. As I thought about the concept over the years I believe that the most important point for understanding self-deception is to examine what percentage of the information that humans use when constructing (Taylor, 1998b) the way they see the world comes from inside their body or from outside their body. If most of it comes from inside their body there is a high probability that they have a self-deception. The information from inside the body consists of emotions (e.g., hopes), needs (e.g., hunger pangs), desires (e.g., imagined attractive objects), cognitive systems (e.g., prejudices, stereotypes, in-group preferences), memories (e.g., we are descendents of heroes), theories, ideologies, and elements of subjective culture acquired during socialization. The information from the outside the body is reality, and captures aspects of the ecology. Geography, climate, the actions of others, occupations, and events in the environment, are all relevant. For example, when a wild animal is attacking we focus on outside information. But when making judgments about philosophy, economics, religion, education, politics, terrorism, aesthetics and the like we often use inside information to shape our perceptions. The Buddha had the insight that we use information from both outside the body (reality, truth) and inside our body (emotions, ideology) when he said “Where self is, truth is not, where truth is, self is not.” (Spencer-Rogers, Williams, & Pang, 2010). In this paper I will start with some examples of self-deception. Then I will discuss some of the characteristics of self-deception—it is often linked to cognitive simplicity, megalomania, and if we have no self-deceptions we might be depressed, but if we have large self-deceptions we might be mentally ill. Then I will discuss how self-deception is implicated in many of the controversial issues of our times. I will end with some suggestions for further research linking culture and self-deception.

  Abstract
  Self-deception has been studied by philosophers and psychologists for some time. Frenkel-Brunswik (1939) published the first psychology paper. In Triandis (2009 p. ix) there [...]

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• Do methods modulate the relation among delay, probability and social discounting?

  A. Toledo, R. Ávila

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Delay, probability and social discounting refer to the decrease in the subjective value of a reward as a function of its delay of delivery, probability or social distance, respectively. One question in the area is whether the three types of discounting share the same process or whether they are held by different processes. This question has been investigated by looking at the correlations between the three types of discounting. Moreover, it has been suggested that the method used to obtain the indifference points could modulate the discounting rates. However, the search of a common process underlying the three types of discounting should not be influenced by the method used to obtain the indifference points. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the method used to obtain the indifference points contributes to the correlation between the three types of discounting. Forty-four college students responded tasks of delay, probability and social discounting —which used a hypothetical monetary reward— with two different methods: Binary choice and adjusting amount. We found significant correlations between binary-choice and adjusting-amount methods for the three types of discounting. Albeit, a significantly higher delay discounting rate was found with the adjusting-amount method rather than with the binary-choice method, but there were no significant differences between the probability and social discounting rates obtained with both methods. In addition to the previous results, with the binary-choice method it was found that social discounting correlated with delay and probability discounting, but the last two did not correlate between them. In contrast, with the adjusting-amount method, it was only found a correlation between delay and probability discounting. The latter result suggests that the method used to obtain the indifference points contributes to the search of a common process between the three types of discounting. Actually a common decision-making process underlying the three types of discounting could depend on the context in which the choice is made.

  Abstract
  Delay, probability and social discounting refer to the decrease in the subjective value of a reward as a function of its delay of delivery, probability or social distance, [...]

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