Documents published in Scipedia

• Scale of Resistance to Peer Pressure to Alcohol Consumption

  C. Sánchez-Xicotencatl, P. Palos, D. Ocampo, G. Cedillo

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  In Mexico alcohol consumption has increased mainly in adolescents. It has been identified that the ability to resist peer pressure can be a factor that protects the young from alcohol, tobacco and drugs, although this does not have an instrument to assess the skill specifically for alcohol. The aim of this work was to design and validate a scale that assesses the ability to resist peer pressure specifically for alcohol in public high schools and college students from Mexico City, and assessed whether there were significant differences in the resistance level by gender and level of alcohol consumption. The sample was not random and consisted of 900 public high schools (38.6%) and college (61.4%) students of Mexico City (42.9% men and 57.1% women) with a average age was 15.6 years (sd = 2.5). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a single factor of six items with good level of reliability, afterwards was a confirmatory factor analysis in which the fit indices performed well and kept the six items. Women showed greater resistance to peer pressure than men and it was found that young people who have a deficit in the ability to resist peer pressure have higher levels of alcohol consumption so it is important to strengthen that skill in prevention programs.

  Abstract
  In Mexico alcohol consumption has increased mainly in adolescents. It has been identified that the ability to resist peer pressure can be a factor that protects the young [...]

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• Psychometric Validation of the Mexican Adaptation of the Child Feeding Questionnaire

  G. Contreras, I. Lagunes

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The Child Feeding Questionnaire developed by Birch, Fisher, Grimm-Thomas, Markey, & Sawyer, (2001) is a widely used mesurement to assess beliefs, actitudes and practices around child feeding. However, the psychometric characteristics of the CFQ for use with Mexican populations are unknown. The pupose of this stuydy was to test the reliability and validity of a modified version of the CFQ in mexican population. Prior to testing psychometric characteristics, the questionnaire was traslated into spanish usign a traslation-back-traslation method. Some adaptation were made, in order to make them culturally appropriate. Also three new items were added. The questionnaire was administered to 1157 mexican mothers of children aged 5-12 years. Constuct validity was assessed by principal componet factor analysis with varimax rotation, revealed the presence of eight major factors, which explain 59.99% of variance. Reliability was tested by Cronbachs alpha coefficient, and was aceptable for the eigth factors (a: .858). This modified eight factor CFQ appears to be a linguistically, and culturally appropriate instrument for assessing practices, attitudes and parental feeding beliefs in Mexican mother of 5 to12 years children.

  Abstract
  The Child Feeding Questionnaire developed by Birch, Fisher, Grimm-Thomas, Markey, & Sawyer, (2001) is a widely used mesurement to assess beliefs, actitudes and practices around [...]

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• Neuropsychological relationship between maturity and presence-absence of crawling behavior

  A. Suárez, C. Lozada

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Neuropsychological maturity is the level of organization and maturational development that allows the development of behavioral and cognitive age-appropriate individual functions, crawling behavior is the first harmonic motion in which the baby uses his head and his both lower extremities as superior, to support and move, it allows the establishment of connections between brain hemispheres, leading to the intercom that simplifies the work of the brain and promotes the maturation of the cognitive functions of the infant, the objective of this research was compare neuropsychological maturity in children 5 and 6 years of age who presented behavior crawling with those who had not, the sample consisted of 50 students from private schools in central Colombia. It was a quantitative study with a comparative-descriptive cross-sectional design, in which the history and the parent questionnaire battery neuropsychological evaluation Infantil (ENI) developed by Matute, Rosselli, Ardila y Ostrosky (2007) and was used Maturity Questionnaire Neuropsychological Children (CUMANIN). First, he made the selected sample, the instruments are applied, and the results were analyzed and finally publicly sustained research. It was concluded through statistical Wilcoxon Shapiro applied to compare the scores of the two groups possibly psychomotor scale depends on crawling, regarding the performance when comparing the 2 groups with the Chi-square statistic best results are evidenced in nine scales the group presented crawling behavior with respect to the group that did not crawl.

  Abstract
  Neuropsychological maturity is the level of organization and maturational development that allows the development of behavioral and cognitive age-appropriate individual functions, [...]

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• Child Raising Practices Associated to the Reduction of Problematic Child Behavior: A Public Health Approach

  S. Chainé, F. Pineda

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Parent behavioral training results in behavioral changes that are associated with the reduction of a child’s problematic behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to identify the most effective components of a parent behavioral training program on both, the observed parents’ behavior and their report on the reduction of their child’s problematic behavior. Participants were 84 Mexican parents of two to twelve years old children with behavioral problems. Parents attended a positive child raising program based in role playing that trained them to respond in a positive manner to their children’s behaviors with the ultimate goal of reducing problematic behaviors. The children’s behaviors were assessed using self-report questionnaires answered by the parents. After the behavioral training, a significant change in the parents’ behavior was observed. Parents also reported a significant reduction of their child’s problematic behavior. The most effective components of the intervention program were behavior correction, praise, giving clear instructions, rule establishment, problem solving, social interaction, and the reduction in punishment.

  Abstract
  Parent behavioral training results in behavioral changes that are associated with the reduction of a child’s problematic behaviors. The purpose of the present study was [...]

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• Leadership and its Relationship with Outcome Variables: a Structural Model Comparing Transformational and Transactional Leadership in an Entertainment Company in Mexico

  I. Martínez, J. Prado, B. Rivera

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The purpose of this article was to determine the influence of transformational and transactional leadership behavior in the outcome variables of a sample of 100 managers within an entertainment provider organization in Mexico. Structural equation modeling showed that the leadership behavior factors of the participating managers highlighted in first place transformational subscales such as intelectual stimulation, idealized influence (behavior), idealized influence (atribute) and individual consideration. The most important outcome variable for them was extra effort. This result means that managers are interested in developing their followers skillness to resolve problems and update their staff. The theoretical and empirical findings of previous studies of the Model of Bass and Avolio were reaffirmed such as direct and significant correlations between the leadership behaviors and outcome variables and inverse correlations with laissez faire leadership behavior. Alpha Cronbach reliability values were above .70 in such variables.

  Abstract
  The purpose of this article was to determine the influence of transformational and transactional leadership behavior in the outcome variables of a sample of 100 managers within [...]

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• Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Intervention Program in Reducing Bullying and Disruptive Behavior

  B. González, F. Cabrera

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  There are few intervention programs designed for reducing bullying in the classrooms. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention program based on the principles of applied behavior analysis to reduce bullying in the classroom. The program was designed to train elementary school teachers in the application of eight behavioral techniques (i.e., stimuli control, cost of response, reinforcing alternative responses, self-control of anger, group contingencies, task analysis, monitoring, and shaping). Eight teachers from three public schools were trained and they implemented the program during a whole school year. Those teachers had 223 students. From that total 28 were identified as bullies and 28 as victims. The bullying behavior of those 28 children as well as the disruptive behaviors of the 223 students were measured pre, during and post treatment. Results showed that the intervention program was successful in reducing bullying as well as disruptive behaviors. The program was especially effective in reducing antisocial behavior.

  Abstract
  There are few intervention programs designed for reducing bullying in the classrooms. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention program [...]

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• Positive Child Rearing Practices: Parents training for reduce bullying

  B. González, F. Cabrera, K. Martínez

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a positive child rearing program with parents for reducing bullying and incrementing pro-social behavior of their children. Participants were eight couples and two single parents of 10 children identified as bullies. Half of the parents were assigned to a control group and the other half were trained to identify aggressive and pro-social behaviors of their children, as well as their antecedents and consequences. During eight weekly sessions parents were trained to set limits, reinforce both pro-social behavior and alternative responses to the aggressive ones, to correct, slightly disapprove, punish and extinguish aggressive behavior. Frequency of emission of specific pro-social behaviors (doing homework, helping in domestic chores and picking up toys) and of physical and verbal aggression was registered by parents and teachers during three weeks of base line and during eight weeks of treatment. Results showed a significant reduction of aggressive behavior and an increase of pro-social behavior compared both to base line and to the frequency of the same behaviors by children of the control group. Notably, behavior also changed at school. Results are discussed regarding the usefulness of interventions with parents in reducing bullying behavior by their children in different contexts

  Abstract
  The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a positive child rearing program with parents for reducing bullying and incrementing pro-social behavior of their children. [...]

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• Construction of causality and counter-causality in subjects with different level of education

  G. Zunino

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This work is part of a larger project in which we seek to analize how Spanish speakers produce and understand causal and counter-causal relations. Our general hypothesis is that causality is a basic conceptual / semantic relation that is processed “by default” and more easily than other relations, such as counter-causality. On this occasion, our specific objectives were: 1) to evaluate the extent to which formal education influences this process, 2) what is the effect of the absence / presence of specific connectives, especially in relation to the level of formal education of the subject. We carry out a psycholinguistic experiment designed to elicit causal and counter-causal continuations of short texts with and without connective. We evaluated two groups of subjects with different levels of formal education. The results show that: a) in the absence of connective, the tendency to establish causality is strong and consistent, b) with connective, error levels are higher for counter-causal relations and the time required to process them is significantly higher. This pattern holds for the two groups of subjects analyzed, so do not depend on schooling but, instead, seems to be a more basic linguistic process shared by all speakers.

  Abstract
  This work is part of a larger project in which we seek to analize how Spanish speakers produce and understand causal and counter-causal relations. Our general hypothesis is [...]

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• Well-Being and Depression in Elderly Women and Men Living in Poverty

  M. Saucedo

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  In Mexico the process of aging is growing rapidly therefore there are structural changes on the all areas of the life. High levels of poverty exist in the country, which they do of the population of major adults a vulnerable group. In this population the factors that they contribute to his well-being are determined by different situation of his/her life. In relation to the mental health the most frequent suffering is the depression that unlike other social groups the factors that unleash it are different. The aim is to know if difference exists in the levels well-being satisfaction between men and women. Also to know if the level of well-being is relates to the depression. The sample size was 201 major adults who live in situation of poverty in 17 municipalities of the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara, Mexico. The 47.8% was men, the rest (52.2%) women, the average of age is of x˜ =77.6, s=5.8. The comparative analyses showed that the factors that make feel satisfied both men and women are the health and the love of their children. Also the religion (in women) as the relation of spouse (in men) they are factors that favor the well-being of the major adults. The men have better perception of health that the women. Finally in both groups the levels of depression are related principally with being healthy, to be alive and to live in peace.

  Abstract
  In Mexico the process of aging is growing rapidly therefore there are structural changes on the all areas of the life. High levels of poverty exist in the country, which they [...]

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• El Efecto del Establecimiento de Caras y/o Voces de Adultos como Reforzadores Condicionados para Niños con TEA y Desórdenes Relacionados

  J. Maffei, J. Singer-Dudek, K. Dolleen-Day

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  We tested the effects of the establishment of conditioned reinforcement for observing human faces and/or voices on the rate of learning, observing responses, and verbal operant emissions for four children, ages 4-5 years, with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and related disorders. We used a non-concurrent, delayed probe design across participants with pre and post-intervention measures. The intervention included a conjugate stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure. Results demonstrated that as a function of the intervention, faces were conditioned for three out of three participants and voices were conditioned for two out of two participants for whom either was lacking respectively prior to the intervention (both faces and voices were conditioned for one participant). Post-intervention probes demonstrated increases in rate of learning, observing responses, and verbal operants for all four participants.

  Abstract
  We tested the effects of the establishment of conditioned reinforcement for observing human faces and/or voices on the rate of learning, observing responses, and verbal operant [...]

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