Documents published in Scipedia

• Psychometric Evaluation of the Q-Sorts in Early Education Contexts

  F. Quiroz, F. Carmona, L. Martínez, G. Posada, O. Carbonell

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  As more women enter the workforce either as half or full time, it is now the norm in many societies for children to be placed in childcare before their first birthday. Because most of these children spend at least eight hours in childcare, we need to assess the quality of the service supplied by professional secondary caregivers (PSC). Maternal sensitivity is defined as mother’s ability to perceive and respond promptly and accurately to the child’s signals (Bowlby, 1969, Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters & Wall, 1978). The AQS (Waters, 1995) consists of 90 items describing attachment relevant infant behavior, the MBQS (Pederson & Moran, 1995) consists of 90 items describing maternal behavior. 34 child-PSC dyads were assessed in Mexican Social Security Child Care centers with the AQS and MBQS, to explore the factorial structure of sensitivity and secure base behaviors in Child Care facilities. The Child Care-adapted version of the AQS explains 52.99% of the variance (α=.69) and underlines the inconsistency of the relationship. The Professional Secondary Caregiver Q-Sort (PSCQS) explains the 45.35% of the variance (α=.91) with few and less specific factors than those previously reported in the MBSQ.

  Abstract
  As more women enter the workforce either as half or full time, it is now the norm in many societies for children to be placed in childcare before their first birthday. Because [...]

  • 0
  •  read

• Use of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) as Screening Tests in Clinical Youngsters

  F. Román, P. Santibáñez, E. Vinet

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The short version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21, Lovibond y Lovibond, 1995) has been shown to have appropriate psychometric properties among Chilean adolescents and undergraduates. The current study was aimed at determining the cut-off scores of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) for screening Chilean youngsters at risk of mental health problems and requiring mental health treatment. The sample comprised 393 non-patients youngsters aged 15-24 and 77 youngsters at early stage of psychotherapy. The presence of symptoms was used as gold standard for estimating the cut-off betWeen non-symptomatic youngsters and symptomatic patients. Receiving Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses allowed examining accuracy of each scale and sensitivity and specificity analysis was performed for determining the cut-off points. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was higher than 0.9 for each scale of the DASS-21. The optimal cut-off score for the Depression scale was 6 and above, which resulted in sensitivity=88, 46 and specificity=86, 77, and a cut-off of 5 and above was optimal for the anxiety scale, with a sensitivity of 87, 50 and specificity of 83, 38.The Stress Scale had sensitivity of 81, 48 and specificity of 71, 36 at the optimal cut-off score of 6 and above. These findings suggest that the DASS-21 performs adequately as a screening tool to identify Chilean young people at risk of mental health problems.

  Abstract
  The short version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21, Lovibond y Lovibond, 1995) has been shown to have appropriate psychometric properties among Chilean adolescents [...]

  • 0
  •  read

• Family functioning as a predictor of alexithymia according to body mass index

  A. Ramírez, M. Méndez

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Alexithymia is a cognitive-affective disorder that causes a deficiency in the ability to identify, describe and express feelings (Sifneos, 1973), is related with familiar environment dysfunctional, as the involvement of the parents in the emotional needs of their children (Kind & Mallinckrodt, 2000). From this approach, the goal of the research was to determine if family functioning predicts alexithymia in persons with Body Mass Index (BMI) of normal weight, overweight and obesity. 428 collaborated voluntarily. Participated adults living in the Mexico City(M = 40 years, SD = 7.8) who responded to the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby, Parker & Taylor, 1994), Scale of Family Functioning (Garcia Mendez et al., 2006) and reported their height and weight to get their BMI. Analysis of stepwise linear regression were performed and the results suggest that in people with overweight and obesity, factors cohesion/rules and hostility/avoidance conflict are predictors of alexithymia. In normoweight, forecasters were command/problems in expressing feelings and cohesion/rules. These results show clearly that dysfunctional relationships facilitate the presence of behaviours related to alexithymia.

  Abstract
  Alexithymia is a cognitive-affective disorder that causes a deficiency in the ability to identify, describe and express feelings (Sifneos, 1973), is related with familiar [...]

  • 0
  •  read

• Construction and Validity of a Measure to assess Attitudes toward Successful Women

  A. Vigueras, S. Aragón, P. Andeane, J. Sánchez

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Women are taking another position in the society, because they have accessed education, well-paid job, and politics, which generate changes which are related with the actual women role. Given the impact of these changes in interpersonal relationships, the objective of the present research was to construct a scale which measures the attitude to a successful woman in men and women. A sample was applied to 618 volunteer participants, 304 men and 314 women. After obtaining the internal consistent and the discrimination of reagents, a factorial analysis of the principal components with orthogonal rotation was made. The results grouped 71 reagents in four factors: leader, affective-altruistic, self-sufficient and competent.

  Abstract
  Women are taking another position in the society, because they have accessed education, well-paid job, and politics, which generate changes which are related with the actual [...]

  • 0
  •  read

• Personality Attributes as Determinants of Attitudes towards Successful Women

  A. Vigueras, S. Aragón, R. Loving

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This paper has the aim of knowing which of the personality attributes linked to instrumentality (set of characteristics linked to competivity, responsibility, and achievement orientation) and expressivity (set of characteristics linked to the expression of affect, and caring for others) is the best predictor for attitudes towards successful women in both men and women. A sample of 908 voluntaries (454 men, 454 women), all residents of Mexico City, was used for this study. Results show the impact of positive instrumentality and positive expressivity (androgyny) is important for men and women to determine their positive attitude towards a successful woman.

  Abstract
  This paper has the aim of knowing which of the personality attributes linked to instrumentality (set of characteristics linked to competivity, responsibility, and achievement [...]

  • 0
  •  read

• Implementación del Juego del Buen Comportamiento en Aulas para Niños con Conducta Delictiva

  P. Joslyn, T. Vollmer, V. Hernández

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The good behavior game (GBG) is an interdependent group contingency procedure designed to reduce disruptive behavior in classroom settings. In the GBG, a class is divided into groups, simple rules are made, and contingencies are placed on the students’ rule-following behavior. This procedure has been proven effective across various student ages, and its simplicity and long-term effects have contributed to its popularity in school settings. Although it has been systematically evaluated across a wide range of student ages, research on the GBG is lacking in the area of population- and setting-specific assessments. In this evaluation, the GBG was implemented in three classrooms (student ages 7-12) at a school for children with severe problem behavior, in particular, these students had already displayed behavior that might be described as “delinquent” or “predelinquent.” Disruptive behavior substantially decreased across all three classrooms as a result of the intervention. This application extends the current literature by systematically replicating the results of the GBG with a different population. Implementation of the GBG, population-specific obstacles, results, and future directions are discussed.

  Abstract
  The good behavior game (GBG) is an interdependent group contingency procedure designed to reduce disruptive behavior in classroom settings. In the GBG, a class is divided [...]

  • 0
  •  read

• Resilience in Surviving Pediatric Burn Patients

  L. Berumen, M. Ramírez, G. Rivera

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Burn injuries are considered one of the most traumatic injuries a child or adolescent may experience and their consequences go beyond the physical problems, therefore the knowledge of positive adjustment after a burn is important. The aims of this study were to identify the levels of resilience in a group of pediatric burn survivors and to evaluate the differences by sex. This was a cross-sectional study in which 57 children and adolescents burn survivors, who attended to the Plastic Surgery Service of the UANL University Hospital, were evaluated. The results showed that children and adolescents of this study reported a high level of resilience, so it can be concluded that experiencing a traumatic or devastating event does not necessarily leads to negative consequences in psychological or behavioral functioning.

  Abstract
  Burn injuries are considered one of the most traumatic injuries a child or adolescent may experience and their consequences go beyond the physical problems, therefore the [...]

  • 0
  •  read

• Happiness Scale in the Couple: Development and Validation

  J. Gutiérrez, S. Aragón, I. Lagunes, M. Parra

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Human happiness is complex, and in interpersonal terms, particularly in a relationship, there are many elements involved (Argyle, 1987 ). But there is no scale to measure happiness in the couple, therefore, the objective was to develop and validate a scale of happiness in the couple, culturally appropriated and reliable. The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a scale for happiness in the couple was developed and reliability and validity were obtained, in the second phase, we performed a second-order factor analysis. The results showed a valid and reliable scale that measures the evaluation of happiness in the couple as well as the elements needed for a couple to be happy.

  Abstract
  Human happiness is complex, and in interpersonal terms, particularly in a relationship, there are many elements involved (Argyle, 1987 ). But there is no scale to measure [...]

  • 0
  •  read

• Investigación sobre cultura en psicología: Actualidad y visión hacia el futuro

  Y. Poortinga

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Cross-cultural psychology, in both its culture-comparative and its cultural traditions, has been a highly successful enterprise, it has been instrumental in establishing context variation as an essential factor in the study of behavior and has led to a large volume of publications with culture as a key term. At the same time, the question arises whether the further accumulation of findings of often small differences between groups will continue to be a worthwhile pursuit, or whether it is time for a reorientation. Here two widespread assumptions of research on behavior and culture are discussed that are likely to be unsustainable: (i) a focus on cross-cultural differences at the cost of cultural invariance, (ii) the presumed psychological coherence of cultures, especially national cultures, reflected in major dimensions of differences in psychological functioning. It is argued that also emerging methods in cultural neuropsychology continue to place too much emphasis on cross-cultural differences and cultural coherence. With a view to reorientation two ideas are explored: (i) culture-comparative research needs an explicit focus on what humans as a species have in common (psychological invariance) and (ii) explanatory frameworks should have a better theoretical foundation. Research traditions in biology are mentioned that can provide a source of inspiration to researchers in cross-cultural psychology. One such tradition is classical ethology as outlined by Tinbergen (1963) who proposed that in the analysis of behavior patterns researchers should be asking multiple questions about the immediate context (cause), function, ontogenetic development and phylogenetic history.

  Abstract
  Cross-cultural psychology, in both its culture-comparative and its cultural traditions, has been a highly successful enterprise, it has been instrumental in establishing context [...]

  • 0
  •  read

• Parenting Styles: Their Relationship in Negotiation and Conflict Between Parents and Adolescents

  M. Ramos, C. Martínez

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of parental styles in negotiation and conflict between parents and adolescents, from the perspective of each one. So the study was divided into two phases. The purpose of the first phase was to analyze the interrelationships between parenting styles that adolescents perceive both parents and styles of negotiation which the teenager used. The goal of the second phase was to analyze the influences that have parental styles in the conflict padres-adolescents, from the perspective of fathers and mothers. The results obtained in this study allow deducing that the parental style influences the way in which teenagers particípate in the negotiations, as well as in the intensity and frequency of the conflict perceived by parents. We conclude that when the parenting style of both parents is perceived warm teen uses a negotiation based on collaboration-equity, while parents characterized as warm, perceive a decrease in the intensity and frequency of conflict with their children.

  Abstract
  The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of parental styles in negotiation and conflict between parents and adolescents, from the perspective of each one. So the [...]

  • 0
  •  read