Documents published in Scipedia

• Processing Speed as a Predictor of Vocabulary in the Second Year of Life

  P. Brito, E. Canto, E. Velasco

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The aim of this study was to determine if processing speed, measured as visual reaction time (RT), of 10 month-olds obtained through an IPLP (Intermodal Preferential Looking Paradigm) in a word learning task, can be an indicator of communicative abilities such as productive vocabulary, during the second year of life. Participants were 13 infants of 9-12 months of age (X=10.15) at the beginning of the study, whose native language was Spanish and without visual or auditory problems reported by parents. The same group of infants was evaluated when they were between 24 and 30 months of age. Infants’ RTs were obtained at the age of 10 months in a word learning task, and related to communicative abilities measured with the Inventario de Habilidades Comunicativas MacArthur Versión II (CDI-II) when the infants were between 24 and 30 months of age (X=27.10). A linear regression analysis was performed using the RT from the experimental task as a predictor and the CDI-II vocabulary score as dependent variable. It was found that RT measured at 10 months of age can be used as a predictor of the vocabulary size in the same infants 18 months later. The results presented here imply that infants who take longer in processing a novel object associated with a novel word, are the ones who will have more words in their productive vocabulary during the second year of life, as reported by parents. The measures of processing speed in this study, demonstrates the length of time it takes a child to process non-familiar information in real time. The results obtained, support the study of processing speed at early ages in tasks that measure cognitive abilities other than word recognition. It suggests taking into account the analysis of individual differences, either processing speed or vocabulary, to better understand the relationship between these two variables in the first years of life. Furthermore, the results obtained in this paper highlight the importance of the study of RT in early ages and give information about the effects of slower or faster information processing over different linguistic abilities in infants.

  Abstract
  The aim of this study was to determine if processing speed, measured as visual reaction time (RT), of 10 month-olds obtained through an IPLP (Intermodal Preferential Looking [...]

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• Las Ciencias de Aprendizaje, Instrucción y Evaluación como Cimientos de la Instrucción Generativa del Modelo Morningside

  E. Street, K. Johnson

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This paper focuses on a subset of the practices that have created the powerful learning technology developed and disseminated by Morningside Academy in Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. We briefly describe this technology, known as the Morningside Model of Generative Instruction, and tell how it builds on the selectionist approach of B. F. Skinner and the pragmatic approach of John Dewey. We also describe the critical role Precision Teaching plays at Morningside Academy and its dependence on findings from the science of learning and the science of instruction, including placement of learners, task analysis, content analysis, instructional protocols, and principles of instructional design. Last, we acknowledge the symbiotic relation between effective Direct Instruction programs that teach skills to accuracy levels and Precision Teaching, which takes these accurate repertoires and systematically turns them into high frequency performances that take on the character of fluent repertoires. Over time, using Precision Teaching across multiple and successive repertoires also creates more agile learners.

  Abstract
  This paper focuses on a subset of the practices that have created the powerful learning technology developed and disseminated by Morningside Academy in Seattle, Washington, [...]

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• Working Memory and Fluid Intelligence. A Review of its Relations

  F. Stelzer, M. Andés, L. Canet-Juric, I. Introzzi

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between working memory and fluid intelligence. A search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar database using a combination of the Spanish and English terms working memory (memoria de trabajo) and fluid intelligence (inteligencia fluida). The review indicates that attention control and the ability to retrieve information from long-term memory would be the processes through which working memory and fluid intelligence are related. However, there are conflicting results regarding the role of retention of information and information processing capacity in this relationship. We concluded by pointing out some methodological aspects that would enhance the understanding of the relationship between working memory and fluid intelligence.

  Abstract
  The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between working memory and fluid intelligence. A search was conducted in PubMed and Google [...]

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• Related Factors to Maternal Intake Control Practices in Preschoolers

  C. Silva, B. Jiménez-Cruz, A. Hernández-Medina

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Parenting practices during the first years of life are crucial for the development of food preferences, self-regulation of intake and for establishing habits. The role of mothers is essential in the monitoring of their children´s feeding, and their practices may be influenced by several factors. In this study the relationship between mothers’ attitudes towards eating, the importance given to their own weight and that of their children, and intake control exerted over them was evaluated. 82 mothers of preschoolers participated. They were administered the Child Feeding Questionnaire, the Intake Control Exercised on the Children Questionnaire, and the Questionnaire of Emotions and Beliefs to Eating and Weight. Results indicate that concerns about the own weight and the children´s, the attitudes towards eating and the importance given to weight control, are related to the control exerted on children´s intake. This could generate thoughts and behaviors that could be constituted as risk or protective factors in the development of eating habits.

  Abstract
  Parenting practices during the first years of life are crucial for the development of food preferences, self-regulation of intake and for establishing habits. The role of [...]

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• Construction of a Short Version Scale of Trait Depression in Adolescents

  C. Silva, B. Jiménez-Cruz

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Since adolescence is a particularly vulnerable stage to present depressed mood, and because there is a greater emphasis on depression as a state with the consequent lack of instruments to evaluate it as a feature (understood as the tendency to respond in a depressive way to daily situations), 407 young people with an average age of 20.14 years were evaluated. As the result, a reliable scale of five items was obtained (α = .711) useful to assess depression trait in adolescents. Its validity was confirmed by the convergence of the obtained scores with those resulting from the IDERE (Ramirez, Grau, Martin & Grau, 1989).

  Abstract
  Since adolescence is a particularly vulnerable stage to present depressed mood, and because there is a greater emphasis on depression as a state with the consequent lack of [...]

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• Administration of GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline prevents the effects of administration of 5-HT1A receptor agonist on the discriminative properties of amphetamine

  A. Sandoval-Sánchez, J. Jiménez, D. Velázquez-Martínez, F. Miranda

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  In this research, the effects of systemic administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline on the effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT on the discriminative properties of the AMPH using the conditioned taste aversion procedure were evaluated. The results showed that neither 8-OH-DPAT nor bicuculline administration did not substitute for AMPH. However, the 8-OH-DPAT administration decreased the discriminative signal of AMPH and the bicuculline administration, prior to the 8-OH-DPAT administration plus a dose of AMPH prevented the effect of the 8-OH-DPAT on discriminative signal of AMPH. These data support the hypothesis that addiction-related behaviors of drugs such as AMPH involve several neurotransmitter systems such as DA, 5-HT and GABA.

  Abstract
  In this research, the effects of systemic administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline on the effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT on the discriminative [...]

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• Support, Supervision and Communication with Parents and its Relation to the Sexual Behavior of Young People in Conflict with the Law

  R. Medina, S. Montijo

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The present study was aimed to determine the profile of sexual risk behavior of adolescents in conflict with the law, and analyze the influence of parents on such behavior, considering the level of support and supervision of their children perceive them and the frequency with which they communicate on issues related to sexual health care. 320 men (M = 16.33 years) belonging to a Community Diagnostic of Mexico. The results showed that adolescents have sexual risk profile, they have started their sexual debut from the thirteen years they have multiple sexual partners were evaluated, and they report different sexual practices, a high percentage of teenagers reported having had sex under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Over 20% reported some sexual health problem. Regarding the role of the parents was found to promote different preventive behaviors, depending on whether the father or mother, for example, they delay their sexual debut, greater frequency of condom use, is less frequent sex under the effects of alcohol and drugs. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of involving parents in the assessment of sexual behavior and sexual health programs generate in this population.

  Abstract
  The present study was aimed to determine the profile of sexual risk behavior of adolescents in conflict with the law, and analyze the influence of parents on such behavior, [...]

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• Nicotine Assessment as an Aversive Stimulus

  H. Sánchez-Castillo, G. Olivares, A. Reyes, D. Trejo, F. Herrera

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Nicotine is the main ingredient of tobacco and it has been described as aversive, reinforce and procognitive. However there is not enough research about the overlapping of the dose-dependent effects as aversive stimulus and precognitive effects. For those reasons we evaluated the nicotine effects on the Conditioned Taste Aversion paradigm (CTA) to measure the dose-response curve of the aversive effects of nicotine and to compare such effects with the procognitive effects reported. 20 male Wistar rats in standard laboratory conditions were randomly assigned to 5 groups (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 y 1.6 mg/kg i.p.). The obtained results showed a dose-dependent decrease with a maximum effect at 1.6 mg/kg dose, however we founded effects from the 0.8 mg/kg dose, such dose overlapped with procognitive doses reported. These results allow us to propose that some effects could be due the periferical aversive effects instead of the central procognitive effects.

  Abstract
  Nicotine is the main ingredient of tobacco and it has been described as aversive, reinforce and procognitive. However there is not enough research about the overlapping of [...]

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• Nicotine Assessment as an Aversive Stimulus

  H. Sánchez-Castillo, G. Olivares, A. Reyes, D. Trejo, F. Herrera

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Nicotine is the main ingredient of tobacco and it has been described as aversive, reinforce and procognitive. However there is not enough research about the overlapping of the dose-dependent effects as aversive stimulus and precognitive effects. For those reasons we evaluated the nicotine effects on the Conditioned Taste Aversion paradigm (CTA) to evaluated the dose-response curve of the aversive effects of nicotine and to compare such effects with the procognitive effects reported. 20 male Wistar rats in standard laboratory conditions were randomly assigned to 5 groups (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 y 1.6 mg/kg i.p.). The obtained results showed a dose-dependent decrease with a maximum effect at 1.6 mg/kg dose, however we founded effects from the 0.8 mg/kg dose, such dose overlapped with procognitive doses reported. These results allow us to propose that some effects could be due the periferical aversive effects instead of the central procognitive effects.

  Abstract
  Nicotine is the main ingredient of tobacco and it has been described as aversive, reinforce and procognitive. However there is not enough research about the overlapping of [...]

  • 0
  •  read

• Causes and Portrayal of Romantic Grief Stages

  R. Aragón, R. Cruz

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Although is known that romantic experience gives pleasant sensations to an individual, to live a romantic lost brings pain feelings, desperation and anger because deception in front of reality which prior expectations in the ex partner weren’t possible to reach (Argyle&Furnham, 1983 ). During the romantic grief individual lives under the torment of hope and the possibility of living painful emotions constantly (Zaragoza Toscano, 2007 ). To evaluate the course of the grief process in those persons whose already finished their romantic relationship, we applied to 833 participants the Tridimensional Evaluation of Romantic Grief (Sánchez Aragón&Retana Franco, 2012). We identified four stages: Negotiation, Hostility, Hopelessness and Pseudo-Acceptance, which were supported by literature. We found some differences in the experience of the stages obtained due to the romantic grief reason. Specific findings show that infidelity provokes more hostility and hopelessness in comparison with other reasons as disagreements and lack of time.

  Abstract
  Although is known that romantic experience gives pleasant sensations to an individual, to live a romantic lost brings pain feelings, desperation and anger because deception [...]

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  •  read