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• Suicide Attempts in Mexican Teenagers: a Cultural Consensus Theory Perspective

  S. Miguel, M. Quintanilla, G. Cruz, L. Morfín, P. Contreras, D. García, M. Hernández

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The suicide is a problem of public world health and the adolescents are those who present with more frequency this problem. Nevertheless, the studies of the suicide phenomenon from a cultural perspective are limited. Cultural research in suicidology is important to develop the understanding of the meanings of suicidal behavior in different contexts. The cultural consensus theory would contribute to the cultural perspective of the knowledge of suicidal behaviors in terms of its internal elements and their functioning (emic) and this theory allows knowing if there exists a knowledge shared by a social group regarding an issue and allows to recognize its organization. The aim of this study was to identify the semantic structure of the cultural domain, as well as the average of knowledge and the degree of cultural consensus regarding suicide among adolescent suicide attempters. It was a qualitative study, using the free-listing technique, with a non-random sample made up of 29 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 years. The free lists were on: the causes, the signs and the symptoms, what he/she feels, thinks and does before attempting suicide and the strategies of suicide prevention at adolescence. The results showed for every question a single semantic model in the cultural domain suicide attempt. In such structure, the family problems were identified as the cause of suicidal attempt, the depression and the sadness were symptoms before suicidal attempt. The sadness, the loneliness and the anger were what an adolescent feels before the suicide attempt. Furthermore, to get out of the problem and to end his/her life were what an adolescent thinks before attempting suicide and to commit suicide was what an adolescent does before to suicide attempt. To pay more attention, to talk with the adolescent, to improve the communication with the parents and to attend a psychotherapy were identified as strategies for suicide prevention. The results highlight the importance of the family of suicide prevention programs for adolescents based on cultural knowledge.

  Abstract
  The suicide is a problem of public world health and the adolescents are those who present with more frequency this problem. Nevertheless, the studies of the suicide phenomenon [...]

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• Influence of Musical Knowledge on Musical Preference

  A. Herrera, R. Tena

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The psychology of music can be found within a conceptual and empirical framework that is useful as a reference to explain the human response to it. An important research line of this discipline is the one that studies the musical taste, on which is based this article. The comparison is between musical taste and preferences of musical genres among people with musical education and those without it. The sample was constituted by 104 participants that were divided into two groups: a) individuals with musical formation (MF), with 52 participants (19 women and 33 men), b) individuals without musical formation (WMF). As a result, it was found that music is important in peoples' daily lives, the MF people like music because of musical expression, and their favorite music genre was the highbrow. This contrasts with the WFM people that like music because they find it relaxing- their favorite musical genre is pop. Both groups agree in their favorite musical component- the parts that integrate music. Although the MF group likes the highbrow genre more because of the parts that constitute its structure. Conversely, the WMF group were drawn primarily to the lyrics and rhythm. We can conclude that education is a determining factor in musical taste, and therefore plays a part in the choice of what music we like the most. Since musical tastes change depending on musical education held by the individual. People that have musical education encourage their taste. They use music as an artistic expression resource, and the genres they listen to are what can be considered "highbrow" music. Whereas the people that don’t count with musical knowledge listen to popular music because they want to relax themselves. These individuals spend more time daily listening to music that the vox populli listens to because they like the lyrics and the rhythm.

  Abstract
  The psychology of music can be found within a conceptual and empirical framework that is useful as a reference to explain the human response to it. An important research line [...]

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• Resilience: Differences by Age Mexican Men and Women

  N. Fuentes, J. Medina

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This study examines levels of resilience considering differences of age and sex, so it provides data from a sample composed of 607 participants divided into four age groups: children, teenagers, young adults and middle adulthood, men and women all of the city of Toluca Mexico, applying the questionnaire of resilience of González Arratia (2011). The results of the exploratory factor analysis for each age bracket, indicate a structure of three factors that vary in each group, which suggests the dimensions of resilience to follow different patterns according to the age. Also reported significant differences between men and women. It is concluded that in the research into resilience is essential to evaluate the variables proposed in the study simultaneously in order to have consistent results.

  Abstract
  This study examines levels of resilience considering differences of age and sex, so it provides data from a sample composed of 607 participants divided into four age groups: [...]

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• Resilience. Differences by Age in Mexican Men and Women

  N. Fuentes, J. Medina

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This study examines levéis of resilience considering differences of age and sex, so it provides data from a sample composed of 607 participants divided into four age groups: children, teenagers, young adults and middle adulthood, men and women all of the city of Toluca México, applying the questionnaire of resilience of González Arratia (2011). The results of the exploratory factor analysis for each age bracket, indícate a structure of three factors that vary in each group, which suggests the dimensions of resilience to follow different patterns according to the age. Also reported significant differences between men and women. It is concluded that in the research into resilience is essential to evalúate the variables proposed in the study simultaneously in order to have consistent results.

  Abstract
  This study examines levéis of resilience considering differences of age and sex, so it provides data from a sample composed of 607 participants divided into four age groups: [...]

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• Beliefs of Spaniard and Mexican High School Students about the Causes of Obesity

  R. León-Sánchez, B. Jiménez-Cruz, J. Sobrino

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  In order to explore the beliefs about the causes of obesity, one questionnaire designed on purpose were applied to a sample of 142 students of second and third grades of secondary school (71 Spaniard and 71 Mexican), with ages between 13 and 16 years (M = 14.02, SD = .846). Participants considered that Volition and Personality were the most important causes of obesity, X2 (5, 142) = 265 353, p

  Abstract
  In order to explore the beliefs about the causes of obesity, one questionnaire designed on purpose were applied to a sample of 142 students of second and third grades of secondary [...]

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• Couple Violence and Alexithymia in Women from Nuevo Leon

  J. Rubia, S. Basurto

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The aims of this paper were: 1) to estimate the levels of couple violence (received and exercised) and alexithymia among women, and 2) to study the relationship among alexithymia and violence. The Questionnaire of Couple Violence and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were applied to a nonprobability sample of 118 Mexican women with a heterosexual partner. Mean of age was 35 years old (SD = 10) ranking from 18 to 57. Regarding marital status, 53 of 118 women (45%) reported being married, 28 (24%) separated, 21 (18%) in free union with a partner, 11 (9%) single, 4 (3%) divorced and 1 (1%) widow. Indices of received violence and exerted violence that vary from 0 to 100 were calculated multiplying reported frequency by reported damage. Comparisons of means for Students t-test, linear correlations, linear regression and path analysis were use for data analysis. Alexithymia (TAS-20 total scores ≥ 61) was found in 42% of women, received violence in 25% (scores of received violence index ≥ 30), and exercised violence in 5% (scores of received violence index ≥ 30). The mean of index of received violence was higher than the one of index of exerted violence (t [117] = 4.15, p < .01). Alexithymia was associated to violence. Its correlation was higher with received violence than with exerted violence. A reactive violence pattern was observed in which alexithymia acts as a risk factor. In this path model, alexithymia (TAS-20 total score) determined both the received damage as the index of exerted violence. The received damage determined the index of exerted violence. The variable of level of education was added as a determinant of the index of exerted violence, owing to model ran out degrees of freedom with only one variable exogenous (alexithymia).The model explained 21% of the variance of exerted violence and 19% of the variance of received damage with a close fit to the data (χ2 [1, N = 118] = 0.14, p = .71, GFI = 1, AGFI = .99, NFI = 1, CFI = 1, and RMSEA = 0). This relationship among alexithymia and violence could probably be due to the adjustment and control problems that alexithymia involves. It is suggested to assess alexithymia in new studies and interventions in couple violence.

  Abstract
  The aims of this paper were: 1) to estimate the levels of couple violence (received and exercised) and alexithymia among women, and 2) to study the relationship among alexithymia [...]

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• Dimensionality, Internal consistency, and Distribution of the Internalized Homonegativity Scale Among Mexican Health Sciences Students

  J. Rubia, A. O

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The aims of this article were to study the internal consistency, factor structure, distribution and sex differences in averages of the Internalized Homonegativity scale (IHN, Currie, Cunningham, & Findlay, 2004 ) extended to a total of 17 items (IHN-17). The IHN-17 scale was applied to a non-probability sample of 231 health sciences college students from northeastern Mexico (121 women and 103 men). An item was removed due to problems of internal consistency and low factor loading. The internal consistency was high with the remaining 16 items (α = .88). A model of three low-order factors (public display of homosexuality, α = .81, internal acceptance of homosexual desire, α = .81, and promiscuity, α = .69) nested in a general factor had a fit to the data from good to adequate by generalized least squares, and was invariant between both sexes. The IHN-16 total score followed a normal distribution, and men averaged higher than women, although the difference was statically significant only in the factor of public display. It is concluded that IHN-16 scale with its hierarchical model has higher consistency and more content validity than the original one. Its use and study are suggested in Mexico.

  Abstract
  The aims of this article were to study the internal consistency, factor structure, distribution and sex differences in averages of the Internalized Homonegativity scale (IHN, [...]

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• Predictive models of internalized homonegativity in students of health sciences

  J. Rubia, A. O., C. Cadena

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The aims of this paper were to describe and predict the level of internalized homonegativity, considering variables on socio-demographic data, sexual life, social life, and clinic aspects. An interview questionnaire and the Internalized Homonegativity Scale were applied to a non-probability sample of 231 students of health sciences, 121 were women and 103 men. Ordinal regression models were calculated._Low internalized homonegativity was found in 38% of participants, ambiguity in 45%, and rejection in 17%. The HNI-16 total score correlated with sexual orientation, religion, and having gay friends. The factor of rejection toward the public manifestation of homosexuality correlated with having gay friends, gender, self-defined sexual orientation, religion, and number of sexual partners. The factor of rejection toward own homosexual feelings, desires, and identity correlated with self-defined sexual orientation, religion, number of sexual partners, and sexually active years. The factor related to the qualification of homosexual persons as promiscuous persons correlated with self-defined sexual orientation, having started couple sexual life, religion, and sexually active years. The variables that predicted lower internalized homonegativity were non-heterosexual orientation, religious adscription different from Christian and Catholic, and having gay friends. Additionally, female gender predicted greater acceptance toward the public manifestation of homosexuality, and having started couple sexual life predicted greater stigmatization of homosexuals as promiscuous persons. It is discussed that in these relationships are involved aspects of congruence with constructed personal identity, positive experience with the stigmatized object, and a cultural attitude that stigmatizes male homosexuality more than female homosexuality. Among these university students, once they have started their couple sexual life, their greater certainty on the opinion of that homosexual persons are promiscuous and incapable of intimacy might respond to a projective defense mechanism triggered by heterosexist values, which put sexuality at the service of reproduction and parenting, and not at the service of experimentation and pleasure. It is concluded that the rejection level is considerable, and thus it is suggested working on these variables in the workshops of acceptance toward sexual diversity.

  Abstract
  The aims of this paper were to describe and predict the level of internalized homonegativity, considering variables on socio-demographic data, sexual life, social life, and [...]

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• Relaciones Interculturales En Sociedades Plurales: Investigación Derivada De Una Política De Multiculturalismo

  W. John

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  One result of the intake and settlement of migrants and the presence of indigenous peoples is the formation of culturally plural societies. In these societies, the domain of intercultural relations is ripe for social psychological research. Such research can provide a knowledge basis for the development and implementation of policies and programmes in plural societies. There are three hypotheses bearing on intercultural relations being examined in much current psychological research: the multiculturalism hypothesis, the integration hypothesis, and the contact hypothesis . These hypotheses are derived in part from statements in the Canadian multiculturalism policy. The multiculturalism hypothesis is that when individuals and societies are confident in, and feel secure about their own cultural identities and their place in the larger society, more positive mutual attitudes will result, in contrast, when these identities are threatened, mutual hostility will result. The integration hypothesis is that there will be more successful psychological and social outcomes for individuals and societies when strategies and policies that support double cultural engagement (ie., with both the heritage and national cultures) are pursued. The contact hypothesis is that greater contact between cultural groups will lead to more positive mutual regard, under most contact circumstances. This paper reviews research that is relevant to all three hypotheses, and concludes that research supports the continuation of the Multiculturalism policy and programmes that are intended to improve intercultural relations.

  Abstract
  One result of the intake and settlement of migrants and the presence of indigenous peoples is the formation of culturally plural societies. In these societies, the domain [...]

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• Validity of the Positive Mental Health Scale in Mexican Children

  N. González-Arratia-López-Fuentes, J. Medina

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This study reports validity results of the Spanish Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH) by Lluch (1999), which converged with measures of resilience, in a non-clinical sample of Mexican children, through a cross-sectional study with 194 children (n = 72 men, n = 122 women), between 9 and 12 years old from the city of Toluca, Mexico. An exploratory factor analysis, using the principal components and oblique rotation method, extracted 4 from the six original dimensions, with 39.614% of total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a three-dimensional model which requires further investigation and detail. A satisfactory Cronbachs Alpha was obtained, which proves convergent validity with resilience. The data suggests the need of a conceptual and methodological reviews of the construct in order to have more consistent results.

  Abstract
  This study reports validity results of the Spanish Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH) by Lluch (1999), which converged with measures of resilience, in a non-clinical sample [...]

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