Documents published in Scipedia

• Individualism and collectivism: Characterization and differences in two Mexican localities

  Y. Cienfuegos-Martínez, A. Saldívar-Garduño, R. Diaz-Loving, A. Avalos-Montoya

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Individualism and collectivism are considered dichotomous cultural syndromes that characterize members of a country and they can be reflected on national identity. An individualistic culture is characterized by promote independence and autonomy, by other hand, a collectivistic culture promotes interdependence between person and his/her reference group, in these cultures the group necessities are most important that the individuals ones. However, the geopolitical boundaries between countries not contemplate the differences between history, social norms and practices, or cultural particularities between localities and counties. For example between Mexico City and Guanajuato which have, in theory, antagonistic politic tendencies: Guanajuato is considered an ultraconservative region in Mexico, while Mexico City is known for the opening to discuss themes as abortions legalization for free election or same-sex marriage, Mexico City is related with left political ideology. In a conservative context, is more common to be agree with traditional ideology about roles for men and women. In this way, men and women can internalized individualism and collectivisms different. The aim of this paper is determined characteristics of individualism and collectivism in two Mexican regions as well as in men and women. It was atended by 420 men and women of the Valley of Mexico and the state of Guanajuato. Results show that the Mexican population as a whole, shows characteristics of individualism and collectivism, there are significant differences on three of ten factors by region. In all of them, the mean is upper to theoretical mean. In Guanajuato, people show higher values of independence and freedom, but, at same time, they report high levels of familism related to obedience. About gender differences, the sample of women in Guanajuato shows higher levels of individualism in comparison with other groups. The findings are discussed on the relevant literature. For subsequent studies is important include variables as scholar level, socioeconomic level, and attitudes about their referential and comparison groups.

  Abstract
  Individualism and collectivism are considered dichotomous cultural syndromes that characterize members of a country and they can be reflected on national identity. An individualistic [...]

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• Facial affect recognition: Differences among university careers

  S. Iglesias-Hoyos, A. Arreola, J. Muñoz-Delgado

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Facial affect recognition is the capacity of every person to recognize basic forms of affective expression, which appears at human faces. Previous research suggests that facial affect recognition differences between university careers exist. There are few studies at Mexico that assess these. The purpose of this study was to determine career differences among university studies. To assess the variable 70 images from the Facial Expression of Emotion- Stimuli and Test were used. To determine career differences a single factor analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test was made, obtaining statistically significant differences at facial affect recognition of sadness, disgust and angry emotions.

  Abstract
  Facial affect recognition is the capacity of every person to recognize basic forms of affective expression, which appears at human faces. Previous research suggests that facial [...]

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• Psychosocial Aspects Related with PTSD in Patients with Breast Cancer

  F. Moreno, R. Hernández

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The aim of the study was analyze the relationship of stress, depression and coping strategies with PTSD in a sample of patients with breast cancer. With a nonrandom sample of 52 women with breast cancer. The results indicate a relationship between PTSD and stress (r = .344, p = .014), PTSD and depression (rs = .346, p = .013), PTSD and cognitive avoidance (r = .437, p = .001), PTSD and hopelessness (rs = .437, p = .001) and the anxious concern with PTSD (rs =. 581, p = .001). The predictors of PTSD were stress, depression, cognitive avoidance and hopelessness, explaining 43.9% of the variance.

  Abstract
  The aim of the study was analyze the relationship of stress, depression and coping strategies with PTSD in a sample of patients with breast cancer. With a nonrandom sample [...]

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• Family Context and Consumption of Psychoactive Substances in Children between 8 and 12 Years Old

  M. Grigoravicius, A. Iglesias, P. Ponce, J. Poultier, M. Pandolfi, V. Nigro, L. Bradichansky

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The paper presents the results of an investigation Project UBACYT (Programming 2010/12) “Consumption of psychoactive substances and expectancies towards alcohol in school children between 8 and 12 years old”. The paper studies a clinical sample that receives psychological assistance in a Child Clinical Psychology Unit that depends on Segunda Cátedra de Psicoanálisis: Escuela Inglesa, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. It investigates the consumption of these substances in children and their responsible adults. The samples are composed of 55 children (17 girls and 38 boys) and 55 responsible adults (47 women and 8 men). The CORIN (Children Risk Behavior) was administrated to the children, it evaluates risk situations regarding to the use of psychoactive substances in school children, a questionnaire that inquires consumption habits was administrated to parents or responsible adults of these children. Also, a protocol of sociodemographic information was used in order to gather and systematize the information of the medical history. Results and conclusions: the presence of occasional alcohol consumption in the 33% of the children sample was recorded. The existence of alcohol consumption in previous ages than the ones studied by governmental agencies. It must be mentioned that the children have consumed alcohol in festive situations and in company of their responsible adults. Regarding to the responsible adults of these children, important proportions of lifetime, year and month prevalence of occasional alcohol and tobacco consumption were recorded, also the abusive consumption of these substances. The registered proportions of the consumption of illegal substances are much lower. The study shows an increase in the occasional consumption of alcohol in children when the responsible adult made an abusive use of alcohol and tobacco during the last year and in less extent when the adult used more than one illegal substance (cocaine and marihuana). The consumption of alcohol in children increased significantly when the responsible adults had made abusive use of alcohol in the last month. It is inferred that the occasional consumption of alcohol in children of the age range studied, is associated with the characteristics of their family background and the consumption habits of the responsible adults.

  Abstract
  The paper presents the results of an investigation Project UBACYT (Programming 2010/12) “Consumption of psychoactive substances and expectancies towards alcohol in school [...]

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• Differences in Emotion Recognition in Children 6 to 11 Years Olds

  F. Gordillo, M. Pérez, L. Mestas, J. Salvador, J. Arana, R. López

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The ability to recognize emotions is necessary for the normal childs adjustment to the social and educational environment, and to identify disorders including autism, anxiety and depression in the early stages of development. An experiment was performed to understanding this process. The participants were 47 children distributed in three groups (6-7, 8-9. 10-11 years). Children had to see pictures of facial and corporal expressions of happiness, sadness, anger and fear. Participants were than asked to say if they recognized the facial and corporal expressed emotion, from a labels related to these basic emotions and represented by emoticons. The results showed enhanced recognition of facial and corporal expressions of fear in children of 8- 11 years olds compared to those of 6-7 years olds (p < .01, r > .50). On the other hand, the result showed significant differences (p < .01, r > .50), between children of 6-7 and 8-11 years olds, in the recognition of facial expressions of anger than the corporal expressions of anger. Children of 6-7 years olds showed enhanced recognition of facial expression of anger than corporal expression of anger. These differences were reversed in children of 8-11 years olds. One may conclude that anger and fear facial expressions recognition is an important indicator of the proper development of children. Emotional learning from 7 years olds, will ensure better emotional regulation, and a beneficial effect on the childs performance in school .

  Abstract
  The ability to recognize emotions is necessary for the normal childs adjustment to the social and educational environment, and to identify disorders including autism, anxiety [...]

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• Differences in school anxiety and self-concept in Chilean adolescents

  C. Gonzálvez, C. Inglés, M. Vicent, N. Martín, R. Sanmartín, J. García-Fernández

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Anxiety and self-concept are personal variables with a big influence on learning and academic performance. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in school anxiety depending on the scores of the eleven dimensions of self-concept. 1, 414 Chilean students of middle education participated, 695 men and 719 women aged between 13 and 18 years (M = 15.31, SD = 1.45). School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and Self-Description Questionnaire II-Short Form (SDQII-S) were administered to assess the school anxiety and the self-concept, respectively. The results revealed that adolescents with low scores on self-concept had significantly higher scores in school anxiety than their peers with high scores on self-concept. This pattern of results was similar in all dimensions of self-concept with the exception of two, the verbal academic self-concept and the truthfulness-sincerity scale, which statistically significant differences were not obtained.

  Abstract
  Anxiety and self-concept are personal variables with a big influence on learning and academic performance. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in school anxiety [...]

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• Religious Orientation, Group Identity and Religiosity as Predictors of Religious Fundamentalism

  M. Villanueva, I. Lagunes

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Religious fundamentalism is key to understanding existing discrimination and violence worldwide. Knowing what is behind this psychosocial characteristic can help understand and prevent this type of harmful behavior. The aim of this study was to determine how religious orientation (RO), group identity (Gl), and religiosity predict religious fundamentalism. The sample consisted of 533 residents of México City and the state of Guanajuato (50.3% women, Mean age = 36), that belonged to one of four major Mexican religious ideologies: Catholic (n = 160), Jehovas Witnesses (n = 142), Evangelical Christian (n = 115) and non-religious (n = 116). Four psychological scales were used: 1) Fundamentalism Scale, which consists of two subscales: Orthodoxy and Conservatism, 2) the Religious Orientation Scale, which consists of three subscales: Intrinsic Religious Orientation (IRO), Extrinsic Personal (EPRO), and Extrinsic Social (ORES), 3) Group Identity Scale, which consists of twosubscales: Positive Group Identity (PGI) and Negative Group Identity (NGI), and 4) Religiosity Scale. The regression results revealed that IRO, Religiosity, NGI and ORES were positively related to Orthodoxy. ORI, IGN and Religiosity were positively related to Conservatism. EPRO was negatively related to Conservatism. The results indícate that Religious Orientation, Religiosity, and Group Identity are strong significant predictors of religious fundamentalism.

  Abstract
  Religious fundamentalism is key to understanding existing discrimination and violence worldwide. Knowing what is behind this psychosocial characteristic can help understand [...]

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• Nicotine Effect on a Model of Hyperactivation of the Dopaminergic System using a Temporal Bisection Task: Towards a Model in Schizophrenia

  I. González-Rivera, D. Paz-Trejo, H. Sánchez-Castillo, Ó. Zamora-Arévalo

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

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• Amaranth as Reinforcement Source: A Rodent Study

  I. González-Rivera, D. Trejo, N. Saavedra, E. Padrón, D. Silva, P. Carrillo, O. Arevalo, C. Castro, H. Sánchez-Castillo

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This study evaluates amaranth as an alternative to reinforcers which are currently used in experimental laboratories with rodents. We compared some elements such as consumer preference, motivation and reinforcing value of three types of food (two types of pellets and amaranth) through four experiments with free radial maze and free consumption in 11 Wistar rats. The results show that amaranth has a high reinforcing value. Also, there was a preference for amaranth consumption compared with the other two reinforcers. Amaranth is proposed as a good alternative for use as a reinforcer with several advantages such as consumer preference, its reinforcing value, accessibility in the country and that it is cheaper than the usual pellets.

  Abstract
  This study evaluates amaranth as an alternative to reinforcers which are currently used in experimental laboratories with rodents. We compared some elements such as consumer [...]

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• Psychometric Properties of the Social Support From Parents and Friends Scale (AFA-R) in a Student Sample

  M. Ramírez, R. Hernández

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the social support from parents and friends scale (AFA-R). Using a non random sample of students, internal consistency was analyzed and the factor structure of the AFA-R. Internal consistency was adequate (α=.918) and factor analysis corroborated the bi-factor structure, explaining 66.09% of its variance. The correlation between stress and social support was negative and significant (rs =-.337, p=.001) and it is evidence of validity. The results showed adequate psychometric properties of the AFA-R.

  Abstract
  The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the social support from parents and friends scale (AFA-R). Using a non random sample of students, internal [...]

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