Documents published in Scipedia

• Strategies to Defend the Belief in a Just World in front of a Relative Deprivation State

  C. Torres

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  We need to believe that we live in a just world, to live unfair events threat that belief and generates negative emotions identified as relative deprivation (Lerner, 1980, Lerner, 2003). These emotions motívate us to defend our belief in just world and nine strategies have been identified for that. This project aims to measure six of them and analyze their palliative function in front of relative deprivation. 337 University students participated. They read a vignette telling about a student demonstration after being rejected from University, then answered a measure of negative emotions generated for the vignette. The instrument of belief in a just world shows five dimensions consistent with the six strategies. The correlations between times participants were rejected from university and negative emotions generated by the vignette are positive but low in the total sample. Dividing the sample into high and low on strategies, correlations are greater in the group of low scores and there are not significant correlations in the group with high scores, confirming its palliative function in front of relative deprivation. Utility of model strategies are discussed with respect to the unidimensional and the implications of its palliative function relationships between groups of different status.

  Abstract
  We need to believe that we live in a just world, to live unfair events threat that belief and generates negative emotions identified as relative deprivation (Lerner, 1980, [...]

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• Mexican Personality Types: Scale Construction and Validity

  L. Martínez, S. Aragón, R. Bertha, E. Ruíz

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Personality research have attempted to identify the existence of universal traits, ethnopsychological research has sought to identify the typical qualities of Mexicans, but without reaching agreement or what relationship they have with the general models of personality like the Five Factor Model. This research aims to identify and describe the personality traits of the Mexicans and Diaz Guerrero (1997) proposal about Mexican Types of Personality. We conducted two studies that explored the qualities and traits that people used to describe themselves, yielding 57 features. The scale orders in 11 factors, after than a second order factor analysis was performed to check if that grouped in types, confirming three personality types similar to the ethnopsychological postulates and the Five Factor Model.

  Abstract
  Personality research have attempted to identify the existence of universal traits, ethnopsychological research has sought to identify the typical qualities of Mexicans, but [...]

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• Efectos Diferenciales de Padres y Pares sobre la Externalización de Conductas y Consumo de Drogas

  R. Cox

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This study explored how peer deviant behavior and peer drug use differentially mediated the paths from unsupportive parenting to youth externalizing behavior and both the probability and extent of current drug use in a sample of Venezuelan youth. Models were further extended to test for group differences by gender and age. Results suggested that peer influences are domain specific among Venezuelan youth. That is, deviant peer behavior mediated the path from unsupportive parenting to youth externalizing behaviors, and peer drug use mediated the path to the drug use outcome. Mediation effects were partial, suggesting that parenting influenced the outcomes beyond its impact on affiliations with negative peers. Notable exceptions to the models were found when moderated by either gender or age. Implications for the development of screening tools and for formulating intervention programs targeting this age group are discussed.

  Abstract
  This study explored how peer deviant behavior and peer drug use differentially mediated the paths from unsupportive parenting to youth externalizing behavior and both the [...]

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• Juntando Evidencia para la Educación a Distancia

  P. Chase

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  A technology for evaluating computer-based distance education curricula for children and people working with children is described. The technology originated from a model of evaluation described by Markle (1967). The components were elaborated through data-based decisions reported in technical reports for a reading acquisition program, two math programs, a curriculum for people with autism, and a professional development program for clinicians working with children and adolescents. The article integrates single-case and group evaluation strategies, and draws attention to the need for better data in evidence-based decisions, and the use of data in continuous improvement efforts. Details concerning the individual learner at the developmental level of evaluation are emphasized, including an illustration of an e-learning rubric assisting this level of evaluation.

  Abstract
  A technology for evaluating computer-based distance education curricula for children and people working with children is described. The technology originated from a model [...]

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• Adaptation and psychometric properties of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury in Mexican students

  E. Silva, C. Benjet, F. García, S. Cárdenas, M. Gómez-Maqueo, A. Cruz

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This research evaluates the psychometric properties of the Spanish language adaptation of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (Klonsky and Glenn, 2009). This scale assesses the motivations or functions that people with non-suicidal self-injuries report for engaging in self-injurious behaviors. The inventory was administered to a sample of 435 male and female university students with a lifetime history of non-suicidal self-injuries. A confirmatory factor analysis detected 7 interpretable factors (self-regulation, revenge, sensation seeking/toughness, avoiding suicide, marking distress, self-determination and numbness), 5 more than the original instrument. The scale had adequate internal consistency with a Cronbachs alpha of 0.89 and Cronbachs alphas of 0.72 to 0.82 for each factor. Positive correlations between the scale and measures of depression, anxiety and impulsivity suggest the convergent validity of the scale. Overall, the scale presents acceptable psychometric properties for the measurement of non-suicidal self-injuries in a Mexican university population.

  Abstract
  This research evaluates the psychometric properties of the Spanish language adaptation of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (Klonsky and Glenn, 2009). This scale [...]

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• Métodos para Evaluar la Validez Social de Planes de Intervención Conductual con Niños con Desorden por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad

  R. Carroll, C. Peter

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Although behavioral interventions are powerful tools for parents and teachers, they are unlikely to result in lasting change if the intervention agents find them unacceptable. After developing effective behavior intervention plans for classroom use, we compared social validity of those interventions using three measures: concurrent-chains selections from the intervention consumer (students), verbal report of the intervention agent (teachers), and maintenance of the intervention over time. All three measures of social validity identified an intervention that was acceptable to the intervention consumer and intervention delivery agent. These findings are discussed in terms of applied implications for assessing social validity.

  Abstract
  Although behavioral interventions are powerful tools for parents and teachers, they are unlikely to result in lasting change if the intervention agents find them unacceptable. [...]

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• Association between Food Preferences and Healthy and Unhealthy Food Intake in Preschoolers

  N. Rivera, I. Lagunes

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem in Mexico and worldwide. The study of food preferences in young children can help prevent selection of unhealthy food, which in recent years has increased. The goal of the study was to explore the food preferences of a sample of preschoolers and to determine whether they were able to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy food. We sampled 127 preschoolers between 3 and 6 years of age (M = 5.0, SD = .69). Participants were asked to classify 88 types of food into 11 categories. They were also asked to indicate the types of food that they like and that are healthy and unhealthy. Participants indicated that they preferred the sugars (candy, ice cream) and fruits (apples, melon) groups and disliked vegetables. They identified fruits and vegetables as healthy and sugars and fats as unhealthy food.

  Abstract
  Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem in Mexico and worldwide. The study of food preferences in young children can help prevent selection of unhealthy food, [...]

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• Bullying and Tobacco: Are They Associated?

  N. Calleja

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Bullying and the start using tobacco are behaviors that happen in the school context with severe consequences for the adolescent development. For the purpose of evaluating the association between these behaviors, both were evaluated in a sample of 266 middle-school students. The results showed significant correlations between bullying-aggression and smoking susceptibility, experimentation with tobacco and present smoking. Furthermore, students categorized as aggressors or aggressor/victims obtained higher scores in smoking behavior variables than those not involved with bullying. A relationship between bullying-victimization and tobacco was not found. Boys obtained higher scores in direct bullying-aggression, girls scored higher in social victimization, there was no difference between male and female students in smoking behavior. The psychometric analysis of the Inventario de Bullying para Adolescentes, adapted from Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument, is presented in this document. Findings are discussed in syndrome of problem behavior context and their implications are analyzed with the purpose of preventive programs implementation.

  Abstract
  Bullying and the start using tobacco are behaviors that happen in the school context with severe consequences for the adolescent development. For the purpose of evaluating [...]

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• Acciones vs. Palabras: Cómo Podemos Aprender Ambas

  C. Cahill, R. Greer

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  In three experiments we investigated the relation between observing responses and incidental language acquisition by children ages 3 to 5 with and without disabilities. In Experiment I, participants heard the name of an object while observing an accompanying action with the object. The participants consistently acquired the actions associated with the objects, but learned few names. Experiment II compare responses to stimuli presented with and without actions, with the results indicating that the presence of an action hindered rather than facilitated incidental acquisition of names. In Experiment III, we selected participants who acquired listener responses when actions were present, but did not readily acquire the speaker responses. Following a multiple exemplar intervention, participants acquired both speaker and listener responses along with the action responses for novel stimuli. The findings suggest that when children are provided with a specific instructional history, they can acquire multiple benefits from a single language exposure experience.

  Abstract
  In three experiments we investigated the relation between observing responses and incidental language acquisition by children ages 3 to 5 with and without disabilities. In [...]

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• Efectos del Reforzamiento Positivo y Negativo en un Arreglo de Operantes Concurrentes sobre la Obediencia y la Conducta Problemática

  B. Byiers, A. Dimian, J. McComas, F. Symons

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Functional analysis (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994) is a robust approach to identifying function-based interventions for problem behavior, including self-injury, aggression, and destruction. Such interventions, however, may be difficult for untrained caregivers to implement with fidelity in natural environments. Further research is needed to identify simple antecedent strategies for promoting appropriate behavior among children with significant problem behavior. The purpose of the current study was to utilize a concurrent schedules arrangement to identify conditions under which two children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental delays who engaged in problem behaviors would choose to complete academic tasks to earn access to preferred items. In both cases, problem behaviors were shown to be sensitive to reinforcement in the forms of escape from task demands and access to preferred items. A concurrent operant arrangement in which the participants could choose to complete work tasks to earn access to preferred activities, or to take a break without demands or preferred items, was implemented. The schedule requirements in the demand component were systematically increased across opportunities, while the amount and type of reinforcement was kept constant. The results show, at the lowest levels of task demands, both participants allocated more opportunities to the work option. At higher levels, however, both participants allocated a majority of their choices to the break option. Despite the absence of preferred items in the break component, no instances of problem behavior were observed following selection of the break option. This indicates that this type of analysis could be used to identify conditions for compliance among individuals who engage in escape- or multiply-maintained problem behaviors, without the need to provoke or reinforce problem behavior. Limitations of the current study and recommendations for future research are discussed.

  Abstract
  Functional analysis (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994) is a robust approach to identifying function-based interventions for problem behavior, including [...]

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