Documents published in Scipedia

• Psychometric Properties of a Scale to Assess Social Support through Social Networks

  M. Ramírez, R. Hernández, C. Rodríguez

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Recently, the use and research of social networks have increased, however, to know if people perceived enough social support from their contacts in social networks, adequate questionnaires are required to measure perceived social support received from social networks. Thus, we designed and tested a scale to assess social support through social networks. It was answered by 245 men and 252 women with a mean age of 28.4 years. The scale was designed based on The MOS social support survey (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991 ), starting with 24 items, after analysis of reliability and factor structure an instrument with 15 items was obtained. Its reliability measured by Cronbach’s alpha was of .94 and an acceptable goodness of fit in the confirmatory factor analysis.

  Abstract
  Recently, the use and research of social networks have increased, however, to know if people perceived enough social support from their contacts in social networks, adequate [...]

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• The Effectiveness of EMDR Treatment for Guatemalans with Symptoms of Trauma

  R. Gómez, B. Ashdown

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Guatemala has a relatively low ratio of psychologists to the general population (6.89 psychologists per 100, 000 people), which makes it imperative that the therapeutic treatments utilized by psychologists are successful, effective and efficient. The current study explored the effectiveness and efficiency of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on lowering the levels of symptoms of psychological trauma among Guatemalan participants. Seven participants with moderate to grave symptoms underwent three sessions of EMDR therapy with a therapist trained and certified in EMDR techniques. The frequency and intensity of symptoms experienced by the participants decreased significantly after the therapy. Over the same time period, symptoms of trauma did not decrease (or increase) in a control group who did not receive EMDR therapy. These results suggest that EMDR could serve as a short-term, successful type of treatment for therapists to employ with clients who manifest symptoms of psychological trauma.

  Abstract
  Guatemala has a relatively low ratio of psychologists to the general population (6.89 psychologists per 100, 000 people), which makes it imperative that the therapeutic treatments [...]

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• Validity and Reliability of a Exposure to Community Violence in Youth Questionnaire

  H. Hernández, E. Gómez-Maqueo, C. Patiño

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  In Mexico in recent years violence has been increased, specific in northern states, but also others crime and violence rates have been increased. The impact of these rates in general population has few records (official or research reports), studies in youth exposed to violence focuses mainly in bullying and dating violence, however in adolescents population practically doesn’t exist community violence records or measures indicated to this problem. This context teenager’s circumstances (exposure to violence and rising crime levels and insecurity) (Pansters and Castillo, 2007, Hope, 2012 ), require instruments to assess this specific phenomenon in youths since the information on the perception (and exposure) of violence and insecurity in the country has increased in the last years, but little is known about young people, then the aim of this study is to obtain the validity and reliability of the Exposure to Insecurity and Violence Questionnaire for Adolescents. Participants were 573 junior and senior high school students (13-19 years, x = 14.89, SD = 1.5, 56% middl 50.08% men) in Mexico City. A forced factor analysis, by 6 factors (KMO = .849, p = .001, 10 iterations) based on previous findings of a qualitative study (Gomez & Lucio, 2013, in press) was conducted. This model explained 39% of variance, which indicates that violence is a multidimensional phenomenon. Reliability was obtained by Cronbach’s alpha with a total value of .92.

  Abstract
  In Mexico in recent years violence has been increased, specific in northern states, but also others crime and violence rates have been increased. The impact of these rates [...]

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• Etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated characteristics in infancy and childhood

  R. Wilma

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The early identification of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) allows the implementation of effective therapies, this fact causes the study of the etiology of the disorder and the associated characteristics during infancy and childhood. The data was gathered through a clinical questionnaire of the ADHD for parents. The subjects were ten mothers aged in average 32 years. The results show that the disorder is hereditary and besides, there are risk factors during pregnancy and birth. The associated characteristics of ADHD during infancy and childhood are a level of activity above the average, restless sleep, quiet insistent to ask for something, normal gross motor development, poor fine motor coordination, greater risk of accidental injury, slightly premature development of language, fair academic progress, repetition of a grade, involvement in special education programs, difficulty in keeping friends and poor rule-governed behavior.

  Abstract
  The early identification of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) allows the implementation of effective therapies, this fact causes the study of the etiology [...]

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• Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Moos’ Work Environmental Scale (Wes) in Mexico

  A. García-Saisó, P. Ortega-Andeane, I. Reyes-Lagunes

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The objective of this research was to generate a standardized that assessed organization social climate in Mexican population. Was used The Work Environmental Scale, Spanish version (Moos, 2008 ), to be adapted. The scale include 90 items, with six options for answers. The scale was applied to 490 Mexican employees in order to obtain its psychometrical validation. The distribution was as follow: age between 18 and 66, 261 women and 229 men, diverse school levels. A proper analysis took place in order to learn about the ítems discriminative power, reliability and valid factorial structure for the Mexican worker population. The final scale was conformed by 18 items organized by three factors and one indicator as follow: 1) work environment, 2) physical aspects of the work place, 3) organization rules and regulations and 4) the change indicator.

  Abstract
  The objective of this research was to generate a standardized that assessed organization social climate in Mexican population. Was used The Work Environmental Scale, Spanish [...]

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• Specification of a Model of Criminal Behavior

  C. Lirios

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Criminal behavior is a term that refers to the violence generated in a cultural, economic, political or social environment that is embodied in the dynamics of groups to diversify in their indicators. In this sense, the state of knowledge has built explanatory models of violence in order to differentiate the causes and effects. The aim of this study was to specify a model for the study of criminal behavior as a result of the spiral and dynamics of violence in the group where the perpetrator operates, the victim, spectators and the inquisitors. Conducted a desk study with selected sources indexed datábase during the period 2009 to 2014. The findings reported in the literature review warn that criminal behavior is the solé responsibility of the perpetrator, although the revised models show the victim, spectators and the inquisitors would stewards. Thus, the discussion was made considering the contributions of experts and the conceptual framework.

  Abstract
  Criminal behavior is a term that refers to the violence generated in a cultural, economic, political or social environment that is embodied in the dynamics of groups to diversify [...]

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• Macroscopic diagnosis of drug use risks in Mexico

  V. Aurrecoechea, S. Kuri, A. Alcaráz, M. Cáceres

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  With the objective to identify, among 317 municipalities and delegations of the country, those requiring with higher priority drug abuse prevention and treatment services, it was made a cross-sectional study, based on the Delphi method, which is a structured methodology to systematically collect expert opinions on an issue, so that the individual assessments are transformed to produce a collective judgment on the subject that was carried out, and apply a weight to the variables under study. In this case we had a panel of 55 experts, whose assessed the risk level of 33 updated demographic, health, economic, education, housing, geographic, touristic, socio-familiar, drug trafficking and use of illegal drugs. The studied variables were: Proportion of urban concentration, average growth rate, average age, proportion of male population, international migration rate, Proportion of health services, Homes with water and electricity, Drawnig housing service, Internet housing service, Overcrowding level, Income level, Food poverty, Capability poverty, Patrimony poverty, Persons of 3 years and older who do not attend school, Persons aged 12 and over who do not attend school, school level, location on the northern border, are part of large metropolis, inflow of national and international tourism, proportion of early pregnancy, people who practice some religion, be located on routes of trafficking marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine and / or heroin, prevalence of drug use among young people, prevalence of cocaine and marijuana use, the perception of increased drug use, and the proportion of the population that has been offered drugs for free. The results showed that of the 371 municipalities and delegations with 50, 000 inhabitants or more considered for this study, 85 of them were part of large metropolis with more than a million people, 73 were tourist spots and 73.5% of the localities made urban concentrations. Were identified 59 municipalities and delegations with a high or very high macro-social risk level and 105 municipalities and delegations with a medium-high macro-social risk level, requiring with highest priority services of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of drug abuse problems.

  Abstract
  With the objective to identify, among 317 municipalities and delegations of the country, those requiring with higher priority drug abuse prevention and treatment services, [...]

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• Cuestionario de Fuentes de Sentido y de Sentido de Vida: Propiedades Psicométricas y Aspectos Sociodemográficos en una Amplia Muestra Brasileña

  B. Damásio, S. Koller, T. Schnell

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  This study presents the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe-BR). Participants were 3.034 subjects (63.9% women), ranging in age from 18 to 91 years. Reliability analysis, parallel analysis (PA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were employed to evaluate the structure and reliability of the SoMe-BR. Through PA and ESEM, a five-dimension structure for the 26 sources of meaning was achieved. CFAs supported meaningfulness and crisis of meaning as two distinct constructs. Convergent validity within the SoMe-BR and between the SoMe-BR and other scales were also achieved. Regarding the SoMe scores and sociodemographic variables, significant main effects were found for gender, age groups and marital status. Our results corroborate the international literature, which claims in favor of the SoMe as a reliable measure to evaluate meaning in life contents in different cultural contexts.

  Abstract
  This study presents the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe-BR). Participants were 3.034 subjects [...]

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• The Role of the Closeness between Siblings on Sexual Behaviour Protected

  D. Negrete, S. Montijo

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  The purpose of the study was to investigate whether dyadic configuration fraternal closeness by gender and role (brother/sister older/younger) predicts condom use or if it´s a mediating role in parental variables associated with frequency of condom use. 592 university students participated elected a non-probability sampling (43.8% men and 56.3% women). Assessed sexual communication with parents, parenting styles, fraternal closeness and frequency of condom use in the last six months. Women with an older sister frequently used condoms unlike men. The fraternal closeness with younger brother in women (β-) and closeness to the younger sister in males are predictors of condom use. Parental variables were set as predictors of fraternal closeness but not condom use. Discuss the importance of including in the analysis of sexual behavior protected fraternal group in relation to parental variables in order to have a different interpretation on how the family (parents-siblings) influences sexual behavior.

  Abstract
  The purpose of the study was to investigate whether dyadic configuration fraternal closeness by gender and role (brother/sister older/younger) predicts condom use or if it´s [...]

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• #Ladies & #Gentlemen of Mexico City: Social Dominance and Discriminatory Attitudes

  A. Eller, E. Martínez, J. López, P. Granados, C. Pérez, P. González

  Collection of Acta de Investigación Psicológica (2017).

  
  

  Abstract

  Social dominance orientation/theory (SDO) explains the extent to which individuals accept or reject ideologies that legitimize hierarchies and discrimination or equality and social justice. Numerous studies have shown that SDO predicts a wide range of political, ideological, and intergroup phenomena, particularly in relation to negativity towards minorities and outgroups. The aims of the present study were to apply the SDO scale in a Mexican context, examine differences in SDO according to sex, age group, and social class, and investigate whether an orientation towards social dominance would be detectable not only on an abstract level but a concrete level, that of approving inter-class discrimination. We predicted that (1)SDO would be higher in men than women, older than younger participants, and upper rather than lower social classes, (2)that approval of discrimination would be determined by SDO and social class, and (3) that SDO would correlate with approval of discrimination. Participants were N=150 members of the public in Mexico City, with a mean age of 35.3 years (range: 18-74) and from areas of different social classes. Participants completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires on the street. We measured demographics (sex, age, place of residence), a 16-item SDO scale (e.g., “Some people are just more deserving than others”) with a Cronbach’s alpha of .83, and three instances of discriminatory behavior on the part of upper-class members towards lower-class members, alpha=.90, e.g.: “The behavior of the ‘Ladies of Polanco’ insulting a police officer is justified”. All items were measured on 5-point Likert-type scales, from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. Results were generally in line with the hypotheses. A three-way ANOVA on social dominance showed significant effects of sex and place of residence, but not age group nor significant interactions. Men scored significantly higher than women on social dominance, providing evidence for the “invariance hypothesis”. Unexpectedly, lower-class participants showed highest levels of SDO, followed by middle-class and upper-class participants. A two-way ANOVA on approval of discrimination showed significant effects of place of residence and SDO and a significant interaction. Middle-class participants showed significantly higher levels of approval of discrimination than the other two classes. SDO correlated with approval of discrimination. Unexpected effects might be due to differential levels of education among social classes and/or to social mobility. The present study is the first investigation of SDO in Mexico and shows the link between an abstract orientation towards social hierarchies and approval of class-based discrimination in everyday life.

  Abstract
  Social dominance orientation/theory (SDO) explains the extent to which individuals accept or reject ideologies that legitimize hierarchies and discrimination or equality and [...]

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